钗头凤·世情薄 |
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[宋] 唐琬 | [song ] tang wan |
世情薄,人情恶,雨送黄昏花易落。晓风干,泪痕残。欲笺心事,独语斜阑。难!难!难!人成各,今非昨,病魂常似秋千索。角声寒,夜阑珊。怕人寻问,咽泪装欢。瞒!瞒!瞒! | shi qing bao ,ren qing e ,yu song huang hun hua yi la 。xiao feng gan ,lei hen can 。yu jian xin shi ,du yu xie lan 。nan !nan !nan !ren cheng ge ,jin fei zuo ,bing hun chang shi qiu qian suo 。jiao sheng han ,ye lan shan 。pa ren xun wen ,yan lei zhuang huan 。man !man !man ! |
分类标签: | fen lei biao qian : |
爱情诗 | ai qing shi |
作品赏析 | zuo pin shang xi |
【注释】: | 【zhu shi 】: |
注:唐琬,原是陆游的妻子,后因陆母反对而分开。陆游独游沈园,无意中遇到唐琬和丈夫赵士程,不由感慨万分,写下了著名的《钗头凤》一词。唐琬看后,失声痛哭,回家后也写下了这一首《钗头凤》,不久就郁郁而终了。他们二人大概是“有缘无分”最典型的例子了。 | zhu :tang wan ,yuan shi liu you de qi zi ,hou yin liu mu fan dui er fen kai 。liu you du you shen yuan ,mo yi zhong yu dao tang wan he zhang fu zhao shi cheng ,bu you gan kai mo fen ,xie xia le zhe ming de 《chai tou feng 》yi ci 。tang wan kan hou ,shi sheng tong ku ,hui jia hou ye xie xia le zhe yi shou 《chai tou feng 》,bu jiu jiu yu yu er zhong le 。ta men er ren da gai shi “you yuan mo fen ”zui dian xing de li zi le 。 |
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唐琬是我国历史上常被人们提起的美丽多情的才女之一。她与大诗人陆游喜结良缘,夫妇之间伉俪相得,琴瑟甚和。这实为人间美事。遗憾的是身为婆婆的陆游母亲对这位有才华的儿媳总是看不顺眼,硬要逼着陆游把他相亲相爱的她给休了。陆游对母亲的干预采取了敷衍的态度;把唐琬置于别馆,时时暗暗相会。不幸的是,陆母发现了这个秘密,并采取了断然措施,终于把这对有情人拆散了。有情人未成终生的眷属,唐琬后来改嫁同郡宗人赵士程,但内心仍思念陆游不已。在一次春游之中,恰巧与陆游相遇于沈园。 | tang wan shi wo guo li shi shang chang bei ren men di qi de mei li duo qing de cai nv zhi yi 。ta yu da shi ren liu you xi jie liang yuan ,fu fu zhi jian kang li xiang de ,qin se shen he 。zhe shi wei ren jian mei shi 。wei han de shi shen wei po po de liu you mu qin dui zhe wei you cai hua de er xi zong shi kan bu shun yan ,ying yao bi zhao liu you ba ta xiang qin xiang ai de ta gei xiu le 。liu you dui mu qin de gan yu cai qu le fu yan de tai du ;ba tang wan zhi yu bie guan ,shi shi an an xiang hui 。bu xing de shi ,liu mu fa xian le zhe ge bi mi ,bing cai qu le duan ran cuo shi ,zhong yu ba zhe dui you qing ren ca san le 。you qing ren wei cheng zhong sheng de juan shu ,tang wan hou lai gai jia tong jun zong ren zhao shi cheng ,dan nei xin reng sai nian liu you bu yi 。zai yi ci chun you zhi zhong ,qia qiao yu liu you xiang yu yu shen yuan 。 |
唐琬征得赵某同意后,派人给陆游送去了酒肴。陆游感念旧情,怅恨不已,写了著名的《钗头凤》词以致意。唐琬则以此词相答。 | tang wan zheng de zhao mou tong yi hou ,pa ren gei liu you song qu le jiu yao 。liu you gan nian jiu qing ,chang hen bu yi ,xie le zhe ming de 《chai tou feng 》ci yi zhi yi 。tang wan ze yi ci ci xiang da 。 |
词的上片交织着十分复杂的感情内容。“世情薄,人情恶”两句,抒写了对于在封建礼教支配下的世故人情的愤恨之情 。“世情”所以“薄”,“人情”所以“恶”,皆因“情”受到封建礼教的腐蚀。《礼记·内则》云 :“ 子甚宜其妻,父母不悦,出。”陆母就是根据这一条礼法,把一对好端端的恩爱夫妻拆散了。 | ci de shang pian jiao zhi zhao shi fen fu za de gan qing nei rong 。“shi qing bao ,ren qing e ”liang gou ,shu xie le dui yu zai feng jian li jiao zhi pei xia de shi gu ren qing de fen hen zhi qing 。“shi qing ”suo yi “bao ”,“ren qing ”suo yi “e ”,jie yin “qing ”shou dao feng jian li jiao de fu shi 。《li ji ·nei ze 》yun :“ zi shen yi ji qi ,fu mu bu yue ,chu 。”liu mu jiu shi gen ju zhe yi tiao li fa ,ba yi dui hao duan duan de en ai fu qi ca san le 。 |
用“恶”、“薄”两字来抨击封建礼教的害人本质,极为准确有力,作者对于封建礼教的深恶痛绝之情,也借此两字得到了充分的宣泄。“雨送黄昏花易落”,采用象征的手法,暗喻自己备受摧残的悲惨处境。阴雨黄昏时的花,原是陆游词中爱用的意象。其《卜算子·咏梅》云:“已是黄昏独自愁,更着风和雨”。陆游曾借以自况。唐琬把这一意象吸入己作,不仅有自悲自悼之意,而且还说明了她与陆游心心相印,息息相通。“晓风干,泪痕残”,写内心的痛苦,极为深切动人。被黄昏时分的雨水打湿的了花花草草,经晓风一吹,已经干了,而自己流淌了一夜的泪水,至天明时分,犹擦而未干,残痕仍在。这是多么的痛心啊!以雨水喻泪水,在古代诗词中不乏其例,但以晓风吹得干雨水来反衬手帕擦不干泪水,借以表达出内心的永无休止的悲痛,这无疑是唐琬的独创 。“欲笺心事,独语斜阑 ”两句是说,她想把自己内心的别离相思之情用信笺写下来寄给对方 ,要不要这样做呢?她在倚栏沉思独语 。“难、难、难 !”均为独语之词。 | yong “e ”、“bao ”liang zi lai peng ji feng jian li jiao de hai ren ben zhi ,ji wei zhun que you li ,zuo zhe dui yu feng jian li jiao de shen e tong jue zhi qing ,ye jie ci liang zi de dao le chong fen de xuan xie 。“yu song huang hun hua yi la ”,cai yong xiang zheng de shou fa ,an yu zi ji bei shou cui can de bei can chu jing 。yin yu huang hun shi de hua ,yuan shi liu you ci zhong ai yong de yi xiang 。ji 《bo suan zi ·yong mei 》yun :“yi shi huang hun du zi chou ,geng zhao feng he yu ”。liu you ceng jie yi zi kuang 。tang wan ba zhe yi yi xiang xi ru ji zuo ,bu jin you zi bei zi dao zhi yi ,er ju hai shui ming le ta yu liu you xin xin xiang yin ,xi xi xiang tong 。“xiao feng gan ,lei hen can ”,xie nei xin de tong ku ,ji wei shen qie dong ren 。bei huang hun shi fen de yu shui da shi de le hua hua cao cao ,jing xiao feng yi chui ,yi jing gan le ,er zi ji liu tang le yi ye de lei shui ,zhi tian ming shi fen ,you ca er wei gan ,can hen reng zai 。zhe shi duo me de tong xin a !yi yu shui yu lei shui ,zai gu dai shi ci zhong bu fa ji li ,dan yi xiao feng chui de gan yu shui lai fan chen shou pa ca bu gan lei shui ,jie yi biao da chu nei xin de yong mo xiu zhi de bei tong ,zhe mo yi shi tang wan de du chuang 。“yu jian xin shi ,du yu xie lan ”liang gou shi shui ,ta xiang ba zi ji nei xin de bie li xiang sai zhi qing yong xin jian xie xia lai ji gei dui fang ,yao bu yao zhe yang zuo ne ?ta zai yi lan chen sai du yu 。“nan 、nan 、nan !”jun wei du yu zhi ci 。 |
由此可见,她终于没有这样做。只因封建礼教的残酷不仁。这一叠声的“难”字,由千种愁恨,万种委屈合并而成,因此似简实繁,以少总多,既上承开篇两句而来,以表现出处此衰薄之世做人之难,做女人之更难;又开启下文,以表现出做一个被休以后再嫁的女人之尤其难。 | you ci ke jian ,ta zhong yu mei you zhe yang zuo 。zhi yin feng jian li jiao de can ku bu ren 。zhe yi die sheng de “nan ”zi ,you qian chong chou hen ,mo chong wei qu ge bing er cheng ,yin ci shi jian shi fan ,yi shao zong duo ,ji shang cheng kai pian liang gou er lai ,yi biao xian chu chu ci cui bao zhi shi zuo ren zhi nan ,zuo nv ren zhi geng nan ;you kai qi xia wen ,yi biao xian chu zuo yi ge bei xiu yi hou zai jia de nv ren zhi you ji nan 。 |
过片“人成各,今非昨 ,病魂常似秋千索”,这三句艺术概括力极强 。“人成各”是就空间角度而言的。作者从陆游与自己两方面设想:自己在横遭离异之后固然感到孤独,而深深爱着自己的陆游不也感到形单影只吗?“今非昨”是就时间角度而言的。其间包含着多重不幸。从昨日的美满婚烟到今天的两地相思,从昨日的被迫离异到今天的被迫改嫁,这是多么不幸!但不幸的事儿还在继续:“病魂常似秋千索。” | guo pian “ren cheng ge ,jin fei zuo ,bing hun chang shi qiu qian suo ”,zhe san gou yi shu gai gua li ji jiang 。“ren cheng ge ”shi jiu kong jian jiao du er yan de 。zuo zhe cong liu you yu zi ji liang fang mian she xiang :zi ji zai heng zao li yi zhi hou gu ran gan dao gu du ,er shen shen ai zhao zi ji de liu you bu ye gan dao xing chan ying zhi ma ?“jin fei zuo ”shi jiu shi jian jiao du er yan de 。ji jian bao han zhao duo chong bu xing 。cong zuo ri de mei man hun yan dao jin tian de liang de xiang sai ,cong zuo ri de bei pai li yi dao jin tian de bei pai gai jia ,zhe shi duo me bu xing !dan bu xing de shi er hai zai ji xu :“bing hun chang shi qiu qian suo 。” |
说“ 病魂”而不说“梦魂”,显然是经过考虑的。梦魂夜驰,积劳成疾 ,终于成了“病魂”。昨日方有梦魂 ,至今日却只剩“病魂”。这也是“今非昨”的不幸。更为不幸的是,改嫁以后,竟连悲哀和流泪的自由也丧失殆尽 ,只能在晚上暗自伤心。“角声寒,夜阑珊,怕人寻问,咽泪装欢”四句,具体倾诉出了这种苦境。“寒”字状角声之凄凉怨慕,“阑珊”状长夜之将尽。这是彻夜难眠的人方能感受得如此之真切。 | shui “ bing hun ”er bu shui “meng hun ”,xian ran shi jing guo kao lv de 。meng hun ye chi ,ji lao cheng ji ,zhong yu cheng le “bing hun ”。zuo ri fang you meng hun ,zhi jin ri que zhi sheng “bing hun ”。zhe ye shi “jin fei zuo ”de bu xing 。geng wei bu xing de shi ,gai jia yi hou ,jing lian bei ai he liu lei de zi you ye sang shi dai jin ,zhi neng zai wan shang an zi shang xin 。“jiao sheng han ,ye lan shan ,pa ren xun wen ,yan lei zhuang huan ”si gou ,ju ti qing su chu le zhe chong ku jing 。“han ”zi zhuang jiao sheng zhi qi liang yuan mu ,“lan shan ”zhuang chang ye zhi jiang jin 。zhe shi che ye nan mian de ren fang neng gan shou de ru ci zhi zhen qie 。 |
大凡长夜失眠,愈近天明,心情愈感烦躁,而本词中的女主人公不仅无暇烦躁,反而还要咽下泪水,强颜欢笑。其心境之苦痛可想而知。结句以三个“瞒”字作结,再次与开头相呼应。既然可恶的封建礼教不允许纯洁高尚的爱情存在,那就把它珍藏在心底吧!因此愈瞒,愈能见出她对陆游的一往情深和矢志不渝的忠诚。 | da fan chang ye shi mian ,yu jin tian ming ,xin qing yu gan fan zao ,er ben ci zhong de nv zhu ren gong bu jin mo xia fan zao ,fan er hai yao yan xia lei shui ,jiang yan huan xiao 。ji xin jing zhi ku tong ke xiang er zhi 。jie gou yi san ge “man ”zi zuo jie ,zai ci yu kai tou xiang hu ying 。ji ran ke e de feng jian li jiao bu yun hu chun jie gao shang de ai qing cun zai ,na jiu ba ta zhen cang zai xin de ba !yin ci yu man ,yu neng jian chu ta dui liu you de yi wang qing shen he shi zhi bu yu de zhong cheng 。 |
与陆游的原词比较而言,陆游把眼前景、见在事融为一体,又灌之以悔恨交加的心情,着力描绘出一幅凄怆酸楚的感情画面,故颇能以特有的声情见称于后世。而唐琬则不同,她的处境比陆游更悲惨。自古“愁思之声要妙”,而“穷苦之言易好也”(韩愈《荆潭唱和诗》)。她只要把自己所遭受的愁苦真切地写出来,就是一首好词。因此,本词纯属自怨自泣、独言独语的感情倾诉,主要以缠绵执着的感情和悲惨的遭遇感动古今。两词所采用的艺术手段虽然不同,但都切合各自的性格、遭遇和身分。可谓各造其极,俱臻至境。合而读之,颇有珠联璧合、相映生辉之妙。 | yu liu you de yuan ci bi jiao er yan ,liu you ba yan qian jing 、jian zai shi rong wei yi ti ,you guan zhi yi hui hen jiao jia de xin qing ,zhao li miao hui chu yi fu qi chuang suan chu de gan qing hua mian ,gu po neng yi te you de sheng qing jian chen yu hou shi 。er tang wan ze bu tong ,ta de chu jing bi liu you geng bei can 。zi gu “chou sai zhi sheng yao miao ”,er “qiong ku zhi yan yi hao ye ”(han yu 《jing tan chang he shi 》)。ta zhi yao ba zi ji suo zao shou de chou ku zhen qie de xie chu lai ,jiu shi yi shou hao ci 。yin ci ,ben ci chun shu zi yuan zi qi 、du yan du yu de gan qing qing su ,zhu yao yi chan mian zhi zhao de gan qing he bei can de zao yu gan dong gu jin 。liang ci suo cai yong de yi shu shou duan sui ran bu tong ,dan dou qie ge ge zi de xing ge 、zao yu he shen fen 。ke wei ge zao ji ji ,ju zhen zhi jing 。ge er dou zhi ,po you zhu lian bi ge 、xiang ying sheng hui zhi miao 。 |
最后附带指出,世传唐琬的这首词,在宋人的记载中只有“世情薄,人情恶”两句,并说当时已“惜不得其全阕”(详陈鹄《耆旧续闻》卷十)。本词最早见于明代卓人月所编《古今词统》卷十及清代沈辰垣奉敕编之《 历代诗余》卷一一八所引夸娥斋主人说。 | zui hou fu dai zhi chu ,shi chuan tang wan de zhe shou ci ,zai song ren de ji zai zhong zhi you “shi qing bao ,ren qing e ”liang gou ,bing shui dang shi yi “xi bu de ji quan que ”(xiang chen gu 《qi jiu xu wen 》juan shi )。ben ci zui zao jian yu ming dai zhuo ren yue suo bian 《gu jin ci tong 》juan shi ji qing dai shen chen yuan feng chi bian zhi 《 li dai shi yu 》juan yi yi ba suo yin kua e zhai zhu ren shui 。 |
由于时代略晚,故俞平伯怀疑这是后人依据残存的两句补写而成。但明人毕竟与宋相隔不远,故本文仍据明人所见,将此词介绍给读者。 | you yu shi dai lve wan ,gu shu ping bai huai yi zhe shi hou ren yi ju can cun de liang gou bu xie er cheng 。dan ming ren bi jing yu song xiang ge bu yuan ,gu ben wen reng ju ming ren suo jian ,jiang ci ci jie shao gei dou zhe 。 |
上一首 | shang yi shou |
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相关诗词 | xiang guan shi ci |
1 | 1 |
[宋] | [song ] |
陆游 | liu you |
《卜算子·咏梅》 | 《bo suan zi ·yong mei 》 |
驿外断桥边,寂寞开无主。已是黄昏独自愁,更著风和雨。 无意苦争春,一任群芳妒。 展开全文 | yi wai duan qiao bian ,ji mo kai mo zhu 。yi shi huang hun du zi chou ,geng zhe feng he yu 。 mo yi ku zheng chun ,yi ren qun fang du 。 zhan kai quan wen |
零落成泥碾作尘,只有香如故。 | ling la cheng ni nian zuo chen ,zhi you xiang ru gu 。 |
收起 | shou qi |
唐琬的其他作品 | tang wan de ji ta zuo pin |
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