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2020
11-25

兵车行

兵车行
[唐] 杜甫 [tang ] du fu
车辚辚,马萧萧,行人弓箭各在腰。耶娘妻子走相送,尘埃不见咸阳桥。牵衣顿足拦道哭,哭声直上干云霄。道傍过者问行人,行人但云点行频。或从十五北防河,便至四十西营田。去时里正与裹头,归来头白还戍边。边庭流血成海水,武皇开边意未已。君不闻汉家山东二百州,千村万落生荆杞。纵有健妇把锄犁,禾生陇亩无东西。况复秦兵耐苦战,被驱不异犬与鸡。长者虽有问,役夫敢申恨。且如今年冬,未休关西卒。县官急索租,租税从何出。信知生男恶,反是生女好。生女犹得嫁比邻,生男埋没随百草。君不见青海头,古来白骨无人收。新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭,天阴雨湿声啾啾。 che lin lin ,ma xiao xiao ,hang ren gong jian ge zai yao 。ye niang qi zi zou xiang song ,chen ai bu jian xian yang qiao 。qian yi du zu lan dao ku ,ku sheng zhi shang gan yun xiao 。dao bang guo zhe wen hang ren ,hang ren dan yun dian hang pin 。huo cong shi wu bei fang he ,bian zhi si shi xi ying tian 。qu shi li zheng yu guo tou ,gui lai tou bai hai shu bian 。bian ting liu xie cheng hai shui ,wu huang kai bian yi wei yi 。jun bu wen han jia shan dong er bai zhou ,qian cun mo la sheng jing qi 。zong you jian fu ba chu li ,he sheng long mu mo dong xi 。kuang fu qin bing nai ku zhan ,bei qu bu yi quan yu ji 。chang zhe sui you wen ,yi fu gan shen hen 。ju ru jin nian dong ,wei xiu guan xi cu 。xian guan ji suo zu ,zu shui cong he chu 。xin zhi sheng nan e ,fan shi sheng nv hao 。sheng nv you de jia bi lin ,sheng nan mai mei sui bai cao 。jun bu jian qing hai tou ,gu lai bai gu mo ren shou 。xin gui fan yuan jiu gui ku ,tian yin yu shi sheng jiu jiu 。
分类标签: fen lei biao qian :
战争诗 zhan zheng shi
唐诗三百首 tang shi san bai shou
忧国忧民 you guo you min
作品赏析 zuo pin shang xi
【注解】:1、妻子:妻和子女。2、干:犯,冲。3、点行频:一再按丁口册上的行次点名征发。4、里正:即里长。唐制:百户为一里,里有里正,管户口、赋役等事。5、与裹头:古以皂罗三尺裹头作头巾。因应征才年龄还小,故由里正替他裹头。6、武皇:汉武帝,他在历史上以开疆拓土著称。这里暗喻唐玄宗。7、山东:指华山以东,义同“关东”。8、二百州:唐代潼关以东设七道,共二百十一州。这里举其成数。9、县官:指官府。【评析】:这首诗是讽世伤时之作,也是杜诗中的名篇,为历代所推崇。诗旨在讽刺唐玄宗穷兵黩武给人民带来莫大的灾难,充满非战色彩。诗的开头七句为第一段,写军人家属送别儿子、丈夫出征的悲惨情景,描绘了一幅震人心弦的送别图。“道旁”十四句为第二段,通过设问,役人直诉从军后妇女代耕,农村萧条零落的境况。“长者”十四句为第三段,写征夫久不得息,连年征兵,百姓唯恐生男和青海战场尸骨遍野,令人不寒而?的情况。全诗把唐王朝穷兵黩武的罪恶,揭露得尽致淋漓。??诗寓情于叙事之中,在叙述中张翕变化有序,前后呼应,严谨缜密。诗的字数杂言互见,韵脚平仄互换,声调抑扬顿挫,情意低昂起伏。既井井有条,又曲折多变,真可谓“新乐府”诗的典范。--引自"超纯斋诗词"bookbest.163.net 翻译、评析:刘建勋【简析】:全诗借征夫对老人的答话,倾诉了人民对战争的痛恨和它所带来的痛苦。地方官吏在这样的情况下还要横征暴敛,百姓更加痛苦不堪。这是诗人深切地了解民间疾苦和寄予深刻同情的名篇之一。  天宝以后,唐王朝对西北、西南少数民族的战争越来越频繁。这连年不断的大规模战争,不仅给边疆少数民族带来沉重灾难,也给广大中原地区人民带来同样的不幸。  据《资治通鉴》卷二百一十六载:“天宝十载四月,剑南节度使鲜于仲通讨南诏蛮,大败于泸南。时仲通将兵八万,……军大败,士卒死者六万人,仲通仅以身免。杨国忠掩其败状,仍叙其战功。……制大募两京及河南北兵以击南诏。人闻云南多瘴疠,未战,士卒死者什八九,莫肯应募。杨国忠遣御史分道捕人,连枷送诣军所。……于是行者愁怨,父母妻子送之,所在哭声振野。”这段历史记载,可当作这首诗的说明来读。而这首诗则艺术地再现了这一社会现实。  “行”是乐府歌曲的一种体裁。杜甫的《兵车行》没有沿用古题,而是缘事而发,即事名篇,自创新题,运用乐府民歌的形式,深刻地反映了人民的苦难生活。  诗歌从蓦然而起的客观描述开始,以重墨铺染的雄浑笔法,如风至潮来,在读者眼前突兀展现出一幅震人心弦的巨幅送别图:兵车隆隆,战马嘶鸣,一队队被抓来的穷苦百姓,换上了戎装,佩上了弓箭,在官吏的押送下,正开往前线。征夫的爷娘妻子乱纷纷地在队伍中寻找、呼喊自己的亲人,扯着亲人的衣衫,捶胸顿足,边叮咛边呼号。车马扬起的灰尘,遮天蔽日,连咸阳西北横跨渭水的大桥都被遮没了。千万人的哭声汇成震天的巨响在云际回荡。“耶娘妻子走相送”,一个家庭支柱、主要劳动力被抓走了,剩下来的尽是些老弱妇幼,对一个家庭来说不啻是一个塌天大祸,怎么不扶老携幼,奔走相送呢?一个普通“走”字,寄寓了诗人多么浓厚的感情色彩!亲人被突然抓兵,又急促押送出征,眷属们追奔呼号,去作那一刹那的生死离别,是何等仓促,何等悲愤!“牵衣顿足拦道哭”,一句之中连续四个动作,又把送行者那种眷恋、悲怆、愤恨、绝望的动作神态,表现得细腻入微。诗人笔下,灰尘弥漫,车马人流,令人目眩;哭声遍野,直冲云天,震耳欲聋!这样的描写,给读者以听觉视觉上的强烈感受,集中展现了成千上万家庭妻离子散的悲剧,令人触目惊心!  接着,从“道旁过者问行人”开始,诗人通过设问的方法,让当事者,即被征发的士卒作了直接倾诉。  “道旁过者”即过路人,也就是杜甫自己。上面的凄惨场面,是诗人亲眼所见;下面的悲切言辞,又是诗人亲耳所闻。这就增强了诗的真实感。“点行频”,意思是频繁地征兵,是全篇的“诗眼”。它一针见血地点出了造成百姓妻离子散,万民无辜牺牲,全国田亩荒芜的根源。接着以一个十五岁出征,四十岁还在戍边的“行人”作例,具体陈述“点行频”,以示情况的真实可靠。“边庭流血成海水,武皇开边意未已。”“武皇”,是以汉喻唐,实指唐玄宗。杜甫如此大胆地把矛头直接指向了最高统治者,这是从心底迸发出来的激烈抗议,充分表达了诗人怒不可遏的悲愤之情。  诗人写到这里,笔锋陡转,开拓出另一个惊心动魄的境界。诗人用“君不闻”三字领起,以谈话的口气提醒读者,把视线从流血成海的边庭转移到广阔的内地。诗中的“汉家”,也是影射唐朝。华山以东的原田沃野千村万落,变得人烟萧条,田园荒废,荆棘横生,满目凋残。诗人驰骋想象,从眼前的闻见,联想到全国的景象,从一点推及到普遍,两相辉映,不仅扩大了诗的表现容量,也加深了诗的表现深度。  从“长者虽有问”起,诗人又推进一层。“长者”,是征夫对诗人的尊称。“役夫”是士卒自称。“县官”指唐王朝。“长者”二句透露出统治者加给他们的精神桎梏,但是压是压不住的,下句就终究引发出诉苦之词。敢怒而不敢言,而后又终于说出来 ,这样一阖一开,把征夫的苦衷和恐惧心理,表现得极为细腻逼真。这几句写的是眼前时事。因为“未休关西卒”,大量的壮丁才被征发。而“未休关西卒”的原因,正是由于“武皇开边意未已”所造成。“租税从何出?”又与前面的“千村万落生荆杞”相呼应。这样前后照应,层层推进,对社会现实的揭示越来越深刻。这里忽然连用了几个短促的五言句,不仅表达了戍卒们沉痛哀怨的心情,也表现出那种倾吐苦衷的急切情态。这样通过当事人的口述,又从抓兵、逼租两个方面,揭露了统治者的穷兵黩武加给人民的双重灾难。  诗人接着感慨道:如今是生男不如生女好,女孩子还能嫁给近邻,男孩子只能丧命沙场。这是发自肺腑的血泪控诉。重男轻女,是封建社会制度下普遍存在的社会心理。但是由于连年战争,男子的大量死亡,在这一残酷的社会条件下,人们却一反常态,改变了这一社会心理。这个改变,反映出人们心灵上受到多么严重的摧残啊!最后,诗人用哀痛的笔调,描述了长期以来存在的悲惨现实:青海边的古战场上,平沙茫茫,白骨露野,阴风惨惨,鬼哭凄凄。寂冷阴森的情景,令人不寒而栗。这里,凄凉低沉的色调和开头那种人声鼎沸的气氛,悲惨哀怨的鬼泣和开头那种惊天动地的人哭,形成了强烈的对照。这些都是“开边未已”所导致的恶果。至此,诗人那饱满酣畅的激情得到了充分的发挥,唐王朝穷兵黩武的罪恶也揭露得淋漓尽致。  《兵车行》是杜诗名篇,为历代推崇。它揭露了唐玄宗长期以来的穷兵黩武,连年征战,给人民造成了巨大的灾难,具有深刻的思想内容。在艺术上也很突出。首先是寓情于叙事之中。这篇叙事诗,无论是前一段的描写叙述,还是后一段的代人叙言,诗人激切奔越、浓郁深沉的思想感情,都自然地融汇在全诗的始终,诗人那种焦虑不安、忧心如焚的形象也仿佛展现在读者面前。其次在叙述次序上参差错落前后呼应,舒得开,收得起,变化开阖,井然有序。第一段的人哭马嘶、尘烟滚滚的喧嚣气氛,给第二段的倾诉苦衷作了渲染铺垫;而第二段的长篇叙言,则进一步深化了第一段场面描写的思想内容,前后辉映,互相补充。同时,情节的发展与句型、音韵的变换紧密结合,随着叙述,句型、韵脚不断变化,三、五、七言,错杂运用,加强了诗歌的表现力。如开头两个三字句,急促短迫,扣人心弦。后来在大段的七字句中,忽然穿插上八个五字句,表现“行人”那种压抑不住的愤怒哀怨的激情,格外传神。用韵上,全诗八个韵,四平四仄,平仄相间,抑扬起伏,声情并茂。再次,是在叙述中运用过渡句和习用词语,如在大段代人叙言中,穿插“道旁过者问行人,行人但云点行频。”“长者虽有问,役夫敢申恨?”和“君不见”、“君不闻”等语,不仅避免了冗长平板,还不断提示,惊醒读者,造成了回肠荡气的艺术效果。诗人还采用了民歌的接字法,如“牵衣顿足拦道哭,哭声直上干云霄”。“道旁过者问行人,行人但云点行频”等,这样蝉联而下,累累如贯珠,朗读起来,铿锵和谐,优美动听。最后,采用了通俗口语,如“耶娘妻子”、“牵衣顿足拦道哭”、“被驱不异犬与鸡”等,清新自然,明白如话,是杜诗中运用口语非常突出的一篇。前人评及此,曾这样说:“语杂歌谣,最易感人,愈浅愈切。”这些民歌手法的运用,给诗增添了明快而亲切的感染力。  (郑庆笃)------------------------  《杜臆》:旧注谓明皇用兵吐蕃,民苦行役而作,是也。此当作于天宝中年。《周礼》有兵车之会。  车辚辚,马萧萧,行人弓箭各在腰①。耶娘妻子走相送②,尘埃不见咸阳桥②。牵衣顿足拦道哭④,哭声直上干云霄⑤。  (首段,叙送别悲楚之状,乃纪事;下二段,述征夫苦役之情,乃纪言。辚辚,众车之声。萧萧,鸣不喧哗。行人,行役之人。) ①《诗》:“有车辚辚。”又:“萧萧马鸣。”又:“行人彭彭。”《搜神记》:李楚宾带弓箭游猎。②古乐府:“不闻耶娘哭子声,但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅。”魏文帝诗:“妻子牵衣袂。”③《楚辞》:“蒙世俗之尘埃。”【钱笺】尘埃不见,言出师之盛。《元和郡县志》:便桥,在咸阳县西南十里,以与便门相对,因名,汉武帝造。中渭桥,在咸阳县东南二十里,本名横桥,秦始皇造。皆架渭水。《一统志》:便桥,唐时名咸阳桥。④何逊诗:“儿女牵衣位。”《国策》:张仪说秦,顿足徒裼。《酷吏传》:路温舒顿足而叹。⑤《北山移文》:“干云霄而直上。”  道旁过者问行人①,行人但云点行频②。或从十五北防河③,便至四十西营田④。去时里正与裹头,归来头白还戍边⑤。边庭流血成海水⑥,武皇开边意未已⑦。君不闻,汉家山东二百州⑧,干村万落生荆杞⑨。纵有健妇把锄犁⑩,禾生陇亩无东西(11)。况复秦兵耐苦战,被驱不异犬与鸡(12)。  (次提过者行人,设为问答,而以“君不闻”数语作收应。曰防河、曰营田、曰戍边,所谓点行频也。开边未已,讥当日之穷兵。至于村落萧条,夫征妇耕,则民不聊生可知。本言秦兵,而兼及山东,见无地不行役矣。)  ①古乐府词:“观者盈道旁。”②师氏曰:点行,汉史谓之更行,以丁籍点照上下,更换差役。③【钱笺】《旧唐书》:开元十五年十二月,制以吐蕃为边害,令陇右道及诸军团兵五万六千人,河西及诸军围兵四万人,又征关中兵万人,集临洮,朔方兵万人集会州,防秋,至冬初无寇而罢。是时,吐蕃侵扰河右,故曰防河也。④《唐·食货志》:开军府以捍要冲,因隙地以置营田,有警则以军若夫千人助役。《杜臆》:营田,乃戍卒备吐蕃者。⑤《韩非子》:里正与伍老。《海录碎事》:唐制,凡百户为一里,里置正一人。《二仪实录》:古以皂罗三尺裹头,曰头巾,周武帝裁为襆头。鲍氏曰:时老幼俱战亡,又括乡里之少小者,故里正为之裹头揖甲也。韩驹曰:归来头已白,又屯戍边疆,言役使无已时也。《史记》:中国扰乱,诸秦所徙戍边者皆复去。⑥《后汉书》:“卧鼓边庭。”《史记·蔡泽传》:“流血成川。”《杜臆》:《唐鉴》:天宝六载,帝欲使王忠嗣攻吐蕃石堡城,忠嗣上言:石堡险固,非杀数万人不能克。帝不快。董延光自请取石堡,帝命忠嗣分兵助之,不克。八载,帝使哥舒翰攻拔之,士卒死者数万,故有“边城流血”等语。⑦【钱笺】唐人诗称明皇多云武皇,王昌龄“白马金鞍从武皇’,韦应物“少事武皇帝”,公亦云“武帝旌旗在眼中”也。班固曰:武帝广开三边。谢灵运诗:“辞殚意未已。”⑧《汉书》:汉家自有制度。黄希曰:古所谓山东,即今之河北晋地是也。今所谓山东,古之齐地,青齐是也。阎若豫曰:此谓华山以东,不指泰山之东,亦不指太行之东。秦时,河山以东,强国六,皆山东地。《十道四蕃志》:关以东七道,凡二百一十六州。《杜臆》云:隋得天下,改郡为州,唐又改州为郡,凡一百九十二郡。曰州,仍旧名也,曰二百州,已尽天下矣。阎若璩曰:旧注云,山东者,太行山之东,非也。《通鉴》:秦孝公时,河山以东,强国六。胡三省注云:河自龙门上口,南抵华阴而东流,秦国在河之西。山自鸟鼠同穴,连延为长安南山,至于太华,秦国在山之西。韩、魏、赵、齐、楚、燕六国,皆在河山以东。又考:贾谊所谓建武关、函谷、临晋关者,大抵为备山东诸侯。可见自秦之外,皆谓之山东矣。⑨《世说》:陆士衡入洛,次河南惬师逆旅。妪曰:“此东数十里无村落。”阮藉诗:“堂上生荆杞。”【邵注】兵乱地荒,尽生荆棘拘杞。⑩王彦辅曰:健妇耕,则夫远征可知。古乐府:“健妇持门户,亦胜一丈夫。”王粲诗:“不能效沮溺,相随把锄犁。”(11)《史记》:“项羽起陇亩之中。”师氏曰:疆竭不修,故东西莫辨。《史记正义》:“南北为阡,东西为陌。”(三)《杜臆》:秦兵,即关中之兵,正此时点行者。因坚劲耐战,故驱之尤迫。今驱负来者为兵,直弃之耳,与犬鸡何异。《孔丛子》:秦兵将至。骆宾王诗:“龙庭但苦战。”《左传》:“行出犬鸡。”  长者虽有问①,役夫敢伸恨②?且如今年冬,未休关西卒③。县官急索租④,租税从何出⑤?信知生男恶,反是生女好⑥。生女犹得嫁比邻⑦,生男埋没随百草⑧。君不见,青海头⑨,古来自骨无人收⑩。新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭,天阴雨湿声嗽嗽(11)。  (再提长者役夫,申明问答,而以“君不见”数语作总结。未休戍卒,应上开边未已。租税何出,应上村落荆杞。生男四语,因前爷娘妻子送别,而为此永诀之词,青海鬼哭,则驱民锋镐之祸,至此极矣。此章是一头两脚体,下面两扇各有起结,各换四韵,各十四句,条理秩然,而善于曲折变化,故从来读者不觉耳。  ①《曲礼》:长者问,不辞让而对,非礼也。②《左传》:“呼役夫。”③戴暠诗:“召募取关西。”【鹤注】《通鉴》:天宝九载冬十二月,关西游奕使王难得击吐蕃,克五城,拔树敦城。④《汉·食货志》:县官当衣租食税而已。《史记·索隐》:谓国家为县官者,畿内县即国都,王者官天下,故曰官也。⑤《严助传》:租税之收,足以给乘舆之御。【朱注】名隶征伐,则当免其租税矣。今以远戍之身,复督其家之输赋,岂可得哉。与健妇锄犁二语相应。⑥陈琳诗:“生男慎莫举,生女哺用脯。”汉卫皇后歌,“生男无喜,生女无怒。”⑦孔融书:“州里比邻,知之最早。”《周礼·族师》:“五家为比。”又《遂人》:“五家为邻。”⑧庾信《哀江南赋》:“身名埋没。”江淹诗:“零落被百草。”⑨《哥舒翰传》:筑神威军于青海上,吐蕃至,攻破之。又筑城于龙驹岛,以人二千戍之,由是吐蕾不敢近青海。《水经注》:金城郡南有湟水,出塞外,又东南经卑禾羌海,世谓之青海。《旧唐书》:吐谷浑有青海,周回八九百里。高宗龙朔三年,为吐著所并。仪凤中,李敬玄与吐著战,败于青海。开元中,王君■、张景顺、张忠亮、崔希逸、皇甫维明、王忠嗣,先后破吐蕃,皆在青海西。⑩梁横吹曲:“尸丧狭谷中,白骨无人收。”(11)《左传》:夏父弗忌曰:“吾见新鬼大,故鬼小。”鲍照诗:“烦冤荒陇侧。”后汉陈宠为大守,洛阳城每阴雨,常有哭声。晋歌曲:天阴不作雨。汉乐府:“呜声何啾啾。”【周注】啾啾,犹言卿卿,呜咽声也。单复曰:此为明皇用兵吐蕃而作,故托汉武以讽,其辞可哀也。先言人哭,后言鬼哭,中言内郡调弊,民不聊生,此安史之乱所由起也。吁!为人君而有穷兵黩武之心者,亦当为之侧然兴悯,惕然知戒矣。  王道俊《杜诗博议》:王深父云:时方用兵吐蕃,故托汉武事为刺,此说是也,黄鹤谓天宝十载,鲜于仲通丧师沪南,制大募兵击南诏,人莫肯应,杨国忠遣御史分道捕人,连枷送诣军前,故有“牵衣顿足”等语。按:明皇季年,穷兵吐蕃,征戍驿骚,内郡几遍,当时点行愁怨者不独征南一役,故公托为征夫自诉之词,以讥切之。若云惧杨国忠贵盛而诡其词于关西,则尤不然。大白《古风》云:“渡泸及五月,将赴云南征。怯卒非壮士,南方难远行。长号别严亲,日月惨光晶。位尽继以血,心摧两无声。”已明刺之矣,太白胡独不畏国忠耶?  蔡宽大曰:齐梁以来,文士喜为乐府词,往往失其命题本意。《乌生八九子》但咏乌,《雉朝飞》但咏雉,《鸡鸣高树颠》但咏鸡,大抵类此。甚有并其题而失之者,如《相府莲》讹为《想夫怜》,《杨婆儿》讹为《杨叛儿》之类是也。虽李太白亦不免此。唯老杜《兵车行》、《悲青权》、《无家别》等篇,皆因时事,自出己意立题,略不更蹈前人陈迹,真豪杰也。  海宁周甸曰:少陵值唐运中衰,其音响节奏,骎骎变《风》、变《雅》,与《骚》同功。唐非无诗,求能仰窥圣作,稗益世教,如少陵者,鲜矣。  胡应磷曰:六朝七言古诗,通章尚用平韵转声,七字成句,读未大畅。至于唐人,韵则平仄互换,句则三五错综,而又加以开因,传以神情,宏以风藻,七言之体,至是大备矣,又曰:少陵不效四言,不仿《离骚》,不用乐府旧题,是此老胸中壁立处。然风骚、乐府遗意,杜往往得之,太白以《百忧》等篇拟风雅,《鸣皋》等作拟《离骚》,俱相去悬远。乐府奇伟,高出六朝,古质不如两汉,较输杜一筹也。又云:乐府则大白擅奇古今,少陵嗣迹风雅,《蜀道难》、《远别离》等篇,出鬼入神,倘恍莫测;《兵车行》、《新婚别》等作,述情陈事,恳例如见。张王欲以拙胜,所谓差之厘毫;温李欲以巧胜,所谓谬以千里。 -----------仇兆鳌 《杜诗详注》----------- 【zhu jie 】:1、qi zi :qi he zi nv 。2、gan :fan ,chong 。3、dian hang pin :yi zai an ding kou ce shang de hang ci dian ming zheng fa 。4、li zheng :ji li chang 。tang zhi :bai hu wei yi li ,li you li zheng ,guan hu kou 、fu yi deng shi 。5、yu guo tou :gu yi zao luo san che guo tou zuo tou jin 。yin ying zheng cai nian ling hai xiao ,gu you li zheng ti ta guo tou 。6、wu huang :han wu di ,ta zai li shi shang yi kai jiang ta tu zhe chen 。zhe li an yu tang xuan zong 。7、shan dong :zhi hua shan yi dong ,yi tong “guan dong ”。8、er bai zhou :tang dai tong guan yi dong she qi dao ,gong er bai shi yi zhou 。zhe li ju ji cheng shu 。9、xian guan :zhi guan fu 。【ping xi 】:zhe shou shi shi feng shi shang shi zhi zuo ,ye shi du shi zhong de ming pian ,wei li dai suo tui chong 。shi zhi zai feng ci tang xuan zong qiong bing du wu gei ren min dai lai mo da de zai nan ,chong man fei zhan se cai 。shi de kai tou qi gou wei di yi duan ,xie jun ren jia shu song bie er zi 、zhang fu chu zheng de bei can qing jing ,miao hui le yi fu zhen ren xin xian de song bie tu 。“dao pang ”shi si gou wei di er duan ,tong guo she wen ,yi ren zhi su cong jun hou fu nv dai geng ,nong cun xiao tiao ling la de jing kuang 。“chang zhe ”shi si gou wei di san duan ,xie zheng fu jiu bu de xi ,lian nian zheng bing ,bai xing wei kong sheng nan he qing hai zhan chang shi gu bian ye ,ling ren bu han er ?de qing kuang 。quan shi ba tang wang chao qiong bing du wu de zui e ,jie lou de jin zhi lin li 。??shi yu qing yu xu shi zhi zhong ,zai xu shu zhong zhang xi bian hua you xu ,qian hou hu ying ,yan jin zhen mi 。shi de zi shu za yan hu jian ,yun jiao ping ze hu huan ,sheng diao yi yang du cuo ,qing yi di ang qi fu 。ji jing jing you tiao ,you qu she duo bian ,zhen ke wei “xin le fu ”shi de dian fan 。--yin zi "chao chun zhai shi ci "bookbest.163.net fan yi 、ping xi :liu jian xun 【jian xi 】:quan shi jie zheng fu dui lao ren de da hua ,qing su le ren min dui zhan zheng de tong hen he ta suo dai lai de tong ku 。de fang guan li zai zhe yang de qing kuang xia hai yao heng zheng bao lian ,bai xing geng jia tong ku bu kan 。zhe shi shi ren shen qie de le jie min jian ji ku he ji yu shen ke tong qing de ming pian zhi yi 。  tian bao yi hou ,tang wang chao dui xi bei 、xi na shao shu min zu de zhan zheng yue lai yue pin fan 。zhe lian nian bu duan de da gui mo zhan zheng ,bu jin gei bian jiang shao shu min zu dai lai chen chong zai nan ,ye gei an da zhong yuan de ou ren min dai lai tong yang de bu xing 。  ju 《zi zhi tong jian 》juan er bai yi shi liu zai :“tian bao shi zai si yue ,jian na jie du shi xian yu zhong tong tao na zhao man ,da bai yu lu na 。shi zhong tong jiang bing ba mo ,……jun da bai ,shi cu si zhe liu mo ren ,zhong tong jin yi shen mian 。yang guo zhong yan ji bai zhuang ,reng xu ji zhan gong 。……zhi da mu liang jing ji he na bei bing yi ji na zhao 。ren wen yun na duo zhang li ,wei zhan ,shi cu si zhe shen ba jiu ,mo ken ying mu 。yang guo zhong qian yu shi fen dao bu ren ,lian jia song yi jun suo 。……yu shi hang zhe chou yuan ,fu mu qi zi song zhi ,suo zai ku sheng zhen ye 。”zhe duan li shi ji zai ,ke dang zuo zhe shou shi de shui ming lai dou 。er zhe shou shi ze yi shu de zai xian le zhe yi she hui xian shi 。  “hang ”shi le fu ge qu de yi chong ti cai 。du fu de 《bing che hang 》mei you yan yong gu ti ,er shi yuan shi er fa ,ji shi ming pian ,zi chuang xin ti ,yun yong le fu min ge de xing shi ,shen ke de fan ying le ren min de ku nan sheng huo 。  shi ge cong mo ran er qi de ke guan miao shu kai shi ,yi chong mo pu ran de xiong hun bi fa ,ru feng zhi chao lai ,zai dou zhe yan qian tu wu zhan xian chu yi fu zhen ren xin xian de ju fu song bie tu :bing che long long ,zhan ma si ming ,yi dui dui bei zhua lai de qiong ku bai xing ,huan shang le rong zhuang ,pei shang le gong jian ,zai guan li de ya song xia ,zheng kai wang qian xian 。zheng fu de ye niang qi zi luan fen fen de zai dui wu zhong xun zhao 、hu han zi ji de qin ren ,che zhao qin ren de yi shan ,chui xiong du zu ,bian ding ning bian hu hao 。che ma yang qi de hui chen ,zhe tian bi ri ,lian xian yang xi bei heng kua wei shui de da qiao dou bei zhe mei le 。qian mo ren de ku sheng hui cheng zhen tian de ju xiang zai yun ji hui dang 。“ye niang qi zi zou xiang song ”,yi ge jia ting zhi zhu 、zhu yao lao dong li bei zhua zou le ,sheng xia lai de jin shi xie lao ruo fu you ,dui yi ge jia ting lai shui bu chi shi yi ge ta tian da huo ,zen me bu fu lao xie you ,ben zou xiang song ne ?yi ge pu tong “zou ”zi ,ji yu le shi ren duo me nong hou de gan qing se cai !qin ren bei tu ran zhua bing ,you ji cu ya song chu zheng ,juan shu men zhui ben hu hao ,qu zuo na yi cha na de sheng si li bie ,shi he deng cang cu ,he deng bei fen !“qian yi du zu lan dao ku ”,yi gou zhi zhong lian xu si ge dong zuo ,you ba song hang zhe na chong juan lian 、bei chuang 、fen hen 、jue wang de dong zuo shen tai ,biao xian de xi ni ru wei 。shi ren bi xia ,hui chen mi man ,che ma ren liu ,ling ren mu xuan ;ku sheng bian ye ,zhi chong yun tian ,zhen er yu long !zhe yang de miao xie ,gei dou zhe yi ting jiao shi jiao shang de jiang lie gan shou ,ji zhong zhan xian le cheng qian shang mo jia ting qi li zi san de bei ju ,ling ren chu mu jing xin !  jie zhao ,cong “dao pang guo zhe wen hang ren ”kai shi ,shi ren tong guo she wen de fang fa ,rang dang shi zhe ,ji bei zheng fa de shi cu zuo le zhi jie qing su 。  “dao pang guo zhe ”ji guo lu ren ,ye jiu shi du fu zi ji 。shang mian de qi can chang mian ,shi shi ren qin yan suo jian ;xia mian de bei qie yan ci ,you shi shi ren qin er suo wen 。zhe jiu zeng jiang le shi de zhen shi gan 。“dian hang pin ”,yi sai shi pin fan de zheng bing ,shi quan pian de “shi yan ”。ta yi zhen jian xie de dian chu le zao cheng bai xing qi li zi san ,mo min mo gu xi sheng ,quan guo tian mu huang wu de gen yuan 。jie zhao yi yi ge shi wu sui chu zheng ,si shi sui hai zai shu bian de “hang ren ”zuo li ,ju ti chen shu “dian hang pin ”,yi shi qing kuang de zhen shi ke kao 。“bian ting liu xie cheng hai shui ,wu huang kai bian yi wei yi 。”“wu huang ”,shi yi han yu tang ,shi zhi tang xuan zong 。du fu ru ci da dan de ba mao tou zhi jie zhi xiang le zui gao tong zhi zhe ,zhe shi cong xin de beng fa chu lai de ji lie kang yi ,chong fen biao da le shi ren nu bu ke e de bei fen zhi qing 。  shi ren xie dao zhe li ,bi feng dou zhuai ,kai ta chu ling yi ge jing xin dong bo de jing jie 。shi ren yong “jun bu wen ”san zi ling qi ,yi tan hua de kou qi di xing dou zhe ,ba shi xian cong liu xie cheng hai de bian ting zhuai yi dao an kuo de nei de 。shi zhong de “han jia ”,ye shi ying she tang chao 。hua shan yi dong de yuan tian wo ye qian cun mo la ,bian de ren yan xiao tiao ,tian yuan huang fei ,jing ji heng sheng ,man mu diao can 。shi ren chi cheng xiang xiang ,cong yan qian de wen jian ,lian xiang dao quan guo de jing xiang ,cong yi dian tui ji dao pu bian ,liang xiang hui ying ,bu jin kuo da le shi de biao xian rong liang ,ye jia shen le shi de biao xian shen du 。  cong “chang zhe sui you wen ”qi ,shi ren you tui jin yi ceng 。“chang zhe ”,shi zheng fu dui shi ren de zun chen 。“yi fu ”shi shi cu zi chen 。“xian guan ”zhi tang wang chao 。“chang zhe ”er gou tou lou chu tong zhi zhe jia gei ta men de jing shen zhi gu ,dan shi ya shi ya bu zhu de ,xia gou jiu zhong jiu yin fa chu su ku zhi ci 。gan nu er bu gan yan ,er hou you zhong yu shui chu lai ,zhe yang yi he yi kai ,ba zheng fu de ku zhong he kong ju xin li ,biao xian de ji wei xi ni bi zhen 。zhe ji gou xie de shi yan qian shi shi 。yin wei “wei xiu guan xi cu ”,da liang de zhuang ding cai bei zheng fa 。er “wei xiu guan xi cu ”de yuan yin ,zheng shi you yu “wu huang kai bian yi wei yi ”suo zao cheng 。“zu shui cong he chu ?”you yu qian mian de “qian cun mo la sheng jing qi ”xiang hu ying 。zhe yang qian hou zhao ying ,ceng ceng tui jin ,dui she hui xian shi de jie shi yue lai yue shen ke 。zhe li hu ran lian yong le ji ge duan cu de wu yan gou ,bu jin biao da le shu cu men chen tong ai yuan de xin qing ,ye biao xian chu na chong qing tu ku zhong de ji qie qing tai 。zhe yang tong guo dang shi ren de kou shu ,you cong zhua bing 、bi zu liang ge fang mian ,jie lou le tong zhi zhe de qiong bing du wu jia gei ren min de shuang chong zai nan 。  shi ren jie zhao gan kai dao :ru jin shi sheng nan bu ru sheng nv hao ,nv hai zi hai neng jia gei jin lin ,nan hai zi zhi neng sang ming sha chang 。zhe shi fa zi fei fu de xie lei kong su 。chong nan qing nv ,shi feng jian she hui zhi du xia pu bian cun zai de she hui xin li 。dan shi you yu lian nian zhan zheng ,nan zi de da liang si wang ,zai zhe yi can ku de she hui tiao jian xia ,ren men que yi fan chang tai ,gai bian le zhe yi she hui xin li 。zhe ge gai bian ,fan ying chu ren men xin ling shang shou dao duo me yan chong de cui can a !zui hou ,shi ren yong ai tong de bi diao ,miao shu le chang ji yi lai cun zai de bei can xian shi :qing hai bian de gu zhan chang shang ,ping sha mang mang ,bai gu lou ye ,yin feng can can ,gui ku qi qi 。ji leng yin sen de qing jing ,ling ren bu han er li 。zhe li ,qi liang di chen de se diao he kai tou na chong ren sheng ding fei de qi fen ,bei can ai yuan de gui qi he kai tou na chong jing tian dong de de ren ku ,xing cheng le jiang lie de dui zhao 。zhe xie dou shi “kai bian wei yi ”suo dao zhi de e guo 。zhi ci ,shi ren na bao man han chang de ji qing de dao le chong fen de fa hui ,tang wang chao qiong bing du wu de zui e ye jie lou de lin li jin zhi 。  《bing che hang 》shi du shi ming pian ,wei li dai tui chong 。ta jie lou le tang xuan zong chang ji yi lai de qiong bing du wu ,lian nian zheng zhan ,gei ren min zao cheng le ju da de zai nan ,ju you shen ke de sai xiang nei rong 。zai yi shu shang ye hen tu chu 。shou xian shi yu qing yu xu shi zhi zhong 。zhe pian xu shi shi ,mo lun shi qian yi duan de miao xie xu shu ,hai shi hou yi duan de dai ren xu yan ,shi ren ji qie ben yue 、nong yu shen chen de sai xiang gan qing ,dou zi ran de rong hui zai quan shi de shi zhong ,shi ren na chong jiao lv bu an 、you xin ru fen de xing xiang ye fang fo zhan xian zai dou zhe mian qian 。ji ci zai xu shu ci xu shang can cha cuo la qian hou hu ying ,shu de kai ,shou de qi ,bian hua kai he ,jing ran you xu 。di yi duan de ren ku ma si 、chen yan gun gun de xuan ao qi fen ,gei di er duan de qing su ku zhong zuo le xuan ran pu dian ;er di er duan de chang pian xu yan ,ze jin yi bu shen hua le di yi duan chang mian miao xie de sai xiang nei rong ,qian hou hui ying ,hu xiang bu chong 。tong shi ,qing jie de fa zhan yu gou xing 、yin yun de bian huan jin mi jie ge ,sui zhao xu shu ,gou xing 、yun jiao bu duan bian hua ,san 、wu 、qi yan ,cuo za yun yong ,jia jiang le shi ge de biao xian li 。ru kai tou liang ge san zi gou ,ji cu duan pai ,kou ren xin xian 。hou lai zai da duan de qi zi gou zhong ,hu ran chuan cha shang ba ge wu zi gou ,biao xian “hang ren ”na chong ya yi bu zhu de fen nu ai yuan de ji qing ,ge wai chuan shen 。yong yun shang ,quan shi ba ge yun ,si ping si ze ,ping ze xiang jian ,yi yang qi fu ,sheng qing bing mao 。zai ci ,shi zai xu shu zhong yun yong guo du gou he xi yong ci yu ,ru zai da duan dai ren xu yan zhong ,chuan cha “dao pang guo zhe wen hang ren ,hang ren dan yun dian hang pin 。”“chang zhe sui you wen ,yi fu gan shen hen ?”he “jun bu jian ”、“jun bu wen ”deng yu ,bu jin bi mian le rong chang ping ban ,hai bu duan di shi ,jing xing dou zhe ,zao cheng le hui chang dang qi de yi shu xiao guo 。shi ren hai cai yong le min ge de jie zi fa ,ru “qian yi du zu lan dao ku ,ku sheng zhi shang gan yun xiao ”。“dao pang guo zhe wen hang ren ,hang ren dan yun dian hang pin ”deng ,zhe yang chan lian er xia ,lei lei ru guan zhu ,lang dou qi lai ,keng qiang he xie ,you mei dong ting 。zui hou ,cai yong le tong su kou yu ,ru “ye niang qi zi ”、“qian yi du zu lan dao ku ”、“bei qu bu yi quan yu ji ”deng ,qing xin zi ran ,ming bai ru hua ,shi du shi zhong yun yong kou yu fei chang tu chu de yi pian 。qian ren ping ji ci ,ceng zhe yang shui :“yu za ge yao ,zui yi gan ren ,yu jian yu qie 。”zhe xie min ge shou fa de yun yong ,gei shi zeng tian le ming kuai er qin qie de gan ran li 。  (zheng qing du )------------------------  《du yi 》:jiu zhu wei ming huang yong bing tu fan ,min ku hang yi er zuo ,shi ye 。ci dang zuo yu tian bao zhong nian 。《zhou li 》you bing che zhi hui 。  che lin lin ,ma xiao xiao ,hang ren gong jian ge zai yao ①。ye niang qi zi zou xiang song ②,chen ai bu jian xian yang qiao ②。qian yi du zu lan dao ku ④,ku sheng zhi shang gan yun xiao ⑤。  (shou duan ,xu song bie bei chu zhi zhuang ,nai ji shi ;xia er duan ,shu zheng fu ku yi zhi qing ,nai ji yan 。lin lin ,zhong che zhi sheng 。xiao xiao ,ming bu xuan hua 。hang ren ,hang yi zhi ren 。) ①《shi 》:“you che lin lin 。”you :“xiao xiao ma ming 。”you :“hang ren peng peng 。”《sou shen ji 》:li chu bin dai gong jian you lie 。②gu le fu :“bu wen ye niang ku zi sheng ,dan wen huang he liu shui ming jian jian 。”wei wen di shi :“qi zi qian yi mei 。”③《chu ci 》:“meng shi su zhi chen ai 。”【qian jian 】chen ai bu jian ,yan chu shi zhi cheng 。《yuan he jun xian zhi 》:bian qiao ,zai xian yang xian xi na shi li ,yi yu bian men xiang dui ,yin ming ,han wu di zao 。zhong wei qiao ,zai xian yang xian dong na er shi li ,ben ming heng qiao ,qin shi huang zao 。jie jia wei shui 。《yi tong zhi 》:bian qiao ,tang shi ming xian yang qiao 。④he xun shi :“er nv qian yi wei 。”《guo ce 》:zhang yi shui qin ,du zu tu ti 。《ku li chuan 》:lu wen shu du zu er tan 。⑤《bei shan yi wen 》:“gan yun xiao er zhi shang 。”  dao pang guo zhe wen hang ren ①,hang ren dan yun dian hang pin ②。huo cong shi wu bei fang he ③,bian zhi si shi xi ying tian ④。qu shi li zheng yu guo tou ,gui lai tou bai hai shu bian ⑤。bian ting liu xie cheng hai shui ⑥,wu huang kai bian yi wei yi ⑦。jun bu wen ,han jia shan dong er bai zhou ⑧,gan cun mo la sheng jing qi ⑨。zong you jian fu ba chu li ⑩,he sheng long mu mo dong xi (11)。kuang fu qin bing nai ku zhan ,bei qu bu yi quan yu ji (12)。  (ci di guo zhe hang ren ,she wei wen da ,er yi “jun bu wen ”shu yu zuo shou ying 。yue fang he 、yue ying tian 、yue shu bian ,suo wei dian hang pin ye 。kai bian wei yi ,ji dang ri zhi qiong bing 。zhi yu cun la xiao tiao ,fu zheng fu geng ,ze min bu liao sheng ke zhi 。ben yan qin bing ,er jian ji shan dong ,jian mo de bu hang yi yi 。)  ①gu le fu ci :“guan zhe ying dao pang 。”②shi shi yue :dian hang ,han shi wei zhi geng hang ,yi ding ji dian zhao shang xia ,geng huan cha yi 。③【qian jian 】《jiu tang shu 》:kai yuan shi wu nian shi er yue ,zhi yi tu fan wei bian hai ,ling long you dao ji zhu jun tuan bing wu mo liu qian ren ,he xi ji zhu jun wei bing si mo ren ,you zheng guan zhong bing mo ren ,ji lin tao ,shuo fang bing mo ren ji hui zhou ,fang qiu ,zhi dong chu mo kou er ba 。shi shi ,tu fan qin rao he you ,gu yue fang he ye 。④《tang ·shi huo zhi 》:kai jun fu yi han yao chong ,yin xi de yi zhi ying tian ,you jing ze yi jun re fu qian ren zhu yi 。《du yi 》:ying tian ,nai shu cu bei tu fan zhe 。⑤《han fei zi 》:li zheng yu wu lao 。《hai lu sui shi 》:tang zhi ,fan bai hu wei yi li ,li zhi zheng yi ren 。《er yi shi lu 》:gu yi zao luo san che guo tou ,yue tou jin ,zhou wu di cai wei fu tou 。bao shi yue :shi lao you ju zhan wang ,you gua xiang li zhi shao xiao zhe ,gu li zheng wei zhi guo tou yi jia ye 。han ju yue :gui lai tou yi bai ,you tun shu bian jiang ,yan yi shi mo yi shi ye 。《shi ji 》:zhong guo rao luan ,zhu qin suo xi shu bian zhe jie fu qu 。⑥《hou han shu 》:“wo gu bian ting 。”《shi ji ·cai ze chuan 》:“liu xie cheng chuan 。”《du yi 》:《tang jian 》:tian bao liu zai ,di yu shi wang zhong si gong tu fan dan bao cheng ,zhong si shang yan :dan bao xian gu ,fei sha shu mo ren bu neng ke 。di bu kuai 。dong yan guang zi qing qu dan bao ,di ming zhong si fen bing zhu zhi ,bu ke 。ba zai ,di shi ge shu han gong ba zhi ,shi cu si zhe shu mo ,gu you “bian cheng liu xie ”deng yu 。⑦【qian jian 】tang ren shi chen ming huang duo yun wu huang ,wang chang ling “bai ma jin an cong wu huang ’,wei ying wu “shao shi wu huang di ”,gong yi yun “wu di jing qi zai yan zhong ”ye 。ban gu yue :wu di an kai san bian 。xie ling yun shi :“ci dan yi wei yi 。”⑧《han shu 》:han jia zi you zhi du 。huang xi yue :gu suo wei shan dong ,ji jin zhi he bei jin de shi ye 。jin suo wei shan dong ,gu zhi ji de ,qing ji shi ye 。yan re yu yue :ci wei hua shan yi dong ,bu zhi tai shan zhi dong ,yi bu zhi tai hang zhi dong 。qin shi ,he shan yi dong ,jiang guo liu ,jie shan dong de 。《shi dao si fan zhi 》:guan yi dong qi dao ,fan er bai yi shi liu zhou 。《du yi 》yun :sui de tian xia ,gai jun wei zhou ,tang you gai zhou wei jun ,fan yi bai jiu shi er jun 。yue zhou ,reng jiu ming ye ,yue er bai zhou ,yi jin tian xia yi 。yan re qu yue :jiu zhu yun ,shan dong zhe ,tai hang shan zhi dong ,fei ye 。《tong jian 》:qin xiao gong shi ,he shan yi dong ,jiang guo liu 。hu san sheng zhu yun :he zi long men shang kou ,na di hua yin er dong liu ,qin guo zai he zhi xi 。shan zi diao shu tong xue ,lian yan wei chang an na shan ,zhi yu tai hua ,qin guo zai shan zhi xi 。han 、wei 、zhao 、ji 、chu 、yan liu guo ,jie zai he shan yi dong 。you kao :gu yi suo wei jian wu guan 、han gu 、lin jin guan zhe ,da di wei bei shan dong zhu hou 。ke jian zi qin zhi wai ,jie wei zhi shan dong yi 。⑨《shi shui 》:liu shi heng ru luo ,ci he na qie shi ni lv 。yu yue :“ci dong shu shi li mo cun la 。”ruan ji shi :“tang shang sheng jing qi 。”【shao zhu 】bing luan de huang ,jin sheng jing ji ju qi 。⑩wang yan fu yue :jian fu geng ,ze fu yuan zheng ke zhi 。gu le fu :“jian fu chi men hu ,yi sheng yi zhang fu 。”wang can shi :“bu neng xiao ju ni ,xiang sui ba chu li 。”(11)《shi ji 》:“xiang yu qi long mu zhi zhong 。”shi shi yue :jiang jie bu xiu ,gu dong xi mo bian 。《shi ji zheng yi 》:“na bei wei qian ,dong xi wei mo 。”(san )《du yi 》:qin bing ,ji guan zhong zhi bing ,zheng ci shi dian hang zhe 。yin jian jin nai zhan ,gu qu zhi you pai 。jin qu fu lai zhe wei bing ,zhi qi zhi er ,yu quan ji he yi 。《kong cong zi 》:qin bing jiang zhi 。jia bin wang shi :“long ting dan ku zhan 。”《zuo chuan 》:“hang chu quan ji 。”  chang zhe sui you wen ①,yi fu gan shen hen ②?ju ru jin nian dong ,wei xiu guan xi cu ③。xian guan ji suo zu ④,zu shui cong he chu ⑤?xin zhi sheng nan e ,fan shi sheng nv hao ⑥。sheng nv you de jia bi lin ⑦,sheng nan mai mei sui bai cao ⑧。jun bu jian ,qing hai tou ⑨,gu lai zi gu mo ren shou ⑩。xin gui fan yuan jiu gui ku ,tian yin yu shi sheng sou sou (11)。  (zai di chang zhe yi fu ,shen ming wen da ,er yi “jun bu jian ”shu yu zuo zong jie 。wei xiu shu cu ,ying shang kai bian wei yi 。zu shui he chu ,ying shang cun la jing qi 。sheng nan si yu ,yin qian ye niang qi zi song bie ,er wei ci yong jue zhi ci ,qing hai gui ku ,ze qu min feng gao zhi huo ,zhi ci ji yi 。ci zhang shi yi tou liang jiao ti ,xia mian liang shan ge you qi jie ,ge huan si yun ,ge shi si gou ,tiao li zhi ran ,er shan yu qu she bian hua ,gu cong lai dou zhe bu jiao er 。  ①《qu li 》:chang zhe wen ,bu ci rang er dui ,fei li ye 。②《zuo chuan 》:“hu yi fu 。”③dai gao shi :“shao mu qu guan xi 。”【he zhu 】《tong jian 》:tian bao jiu zai dong shi er yue ,guan xi you yi shi wang nan de ji tu fan ,ke wu cheng ,ba shu dui cheng 。④《han ·shi huo zhi 》:xian guan dang yi zu shi shui er yi 。《shi ji ·suo yin 》:wei guo jia wei xian guan zhe ,ji nei xian ji guo dou ,wang zhe guan tian xia ,gu yue guan ye 。⑤《yan zhu chuan 》:zu shui zhi shou ,zu yi gei cheng yu zhi yu 。【zhu zhu 】ming li zheng fa ,ze dang mian ji zu shui yi 。jin yi yuan shu zhi shen ,fu du ji jia zhi shu fu ,qi ke de zai 。yu jian fu chu li er yu xiang ying 。⑥chen lin shi :“sheng nan shen mo ju ,sheng nv bu yong fu 。”han wei huang hou ge ,“sheng nan mo xi ,sheng nv mo nu 。”⑦kong rong shu :“zhou li bi lin ,zhi zhi zui zao 。”《zhou li ·zu shi 》:“wu jia wei bi 。”you 《sui ren 》:“wu jia wei lin 。”⑧yu xin 《ai jiang na fu 》:“shen ming mai mei 。”jiang yan shi :“ling la bei bai cao 。”⑨《ge shu han chuan 》:zhu shen wei jun yu qing hai shang ,tu fan zhi ,gong po zhi 。you zhu cheng yu long ju dao ,yi ren er qian shu zhi ,you shi tu lei bu gan jin qing hai 。《shui jing zhu 》:jin cheng jun na you huang shui ,chu sai wai ,you dong na jing bei he qiang hai ,shi wei zhi qing hai 。《jiu tang shu 》:tu gu hun you qing hai ,zhou hui ba jiu bai li 。gao zong long shuo san nian ,wei tu zhe suo bing 。yi feng zhong ,li jing xuan yu tu zhe zhan ,bai yu qing hai 。kai yuan zhong ,wang jun ■、zhang jing shun 、zhang zhong liang 、cui xi yi 、huang fu wei ming 、wang zhong si ,xian hou po tu fan ,jie zai qing hai xi 。⑩liang heng chui qu :“shi sang xia gu zhong ,bai gu mo ren shou 。”(11)《zuo chuan 》:xia fu fu ji yue :“wu jian xin gui da ,gu gui xiao 。”bao zhao shi :“fan yuan huang long ce 。”hou han chen chong wei da shou ,luo yang cheng mei yin yu ,chang you ku sheng 。jin ge qu :tian yin bu zuo yu 。han le fu :“wu sheng he jiu jiu 。”【zhou zhu 】jiu jiu ,you yan qing qing ,wu yan sheng ye 。chan fu yue :ci wei ming huang yong bing tu fan er zuo ,gu tuo han wu yi feng ,ji ci ke ai ye 。xian yan ren ku ,hou yan gui ku ,zhong yan nei jun diao bi ,min bu liao sheng ,ci an shi zhi luan suo you qi ye 。xu !wei ren jun er you qiong bing du wu zhi xin zhe ,yi dang wei zhi ce ran xing min ,ti ran zhi jie yi 。  wang dao jun 《du shi bo yi 》:wang shen fu yun :shi fang yong bing tu fan ,gu tuo han wu shi wei ci ,ci shui shi ye ,huang he wei tian bao shi zai ,xian yu zhong tong sang shi hu na ,zhi da mu bing ji na zhao ,ren mo ken ying ,yang guo zhong qian yu shi fen dao bu ren ,lian jia song yi jun qian ,gu you “qian yi du zu ”deng yu 。an :ming huang ji nian ,qiong bing tu fan ,zheng shu yi sao ,nei jun ji bian ,dang shi dian hang chou yuan zhe bu du zheng na yi yi ,gu gong tuo wei zheng fu zi su zhi ci ,yi ji qie zhi 。re yun ju yang guo zhong gui cheng er gui ji ci yu guan xi ,ze you bu ran 。da bai 《gu feng 》yun :“du lu ji wu yue ,jiang fu yun na zheng 。qie cu fei zhuang shi ,na fang nan yuan hang 。chang hao bie yan qin ,ri yue can guang jing 。wei jin ji yi xie ,xin cui liang mo sheng 。”yi ming ci zhi yi ,tai bai hu du bu wei guo zhong ye ?  cai kuan da yue :ji liang yi lai ,wen shi xi wei le fu ci ,wang wang shi ji ming ti ben yi 。《wu sheng ba jiu zi 》dan yong wu ,《zhi chao fei 》dan yong zhi ,《ji ming gao shu dian 》dan yong ji ,da di lei ci 。shen you bing ji ti er shi zhi zhe ,ru 《xiang fu lian 》e wei 《xiang fu lian 》,《yang po er 》e wei 《yang pan er 》zhi lei shi ye 。sui li tai bai yi bu mian ci 。wei lao du 《bing che hang 》、《bei qing quan 》、《mo jia bie 》deng pian ,jie yin shi shi ,zi chu ji yi li ti ,lve bu geng dao qian ren chen ji ,zhen hao jie ye 。  hai ning zhou dian yue :shao ling zhi tang yun zhong cui ,ji yin xiang jie zou ,qin qin bian 《feng 》、bian 《ya 》,yu 《sao 》tong gong 。tang fei mo shi ,qiu neng yang kui sheng zuo ,bai yi shi jiao ,ru shao ling zhe ,xian yi 。  hu ying lin yue :liu chao qi yan gu shi ,tong zhang shang yong ping yun zhuai sheng ,qi zi cheng gou ,dou wei da chang 。zhi yu tang ren ,yun ze ping ze hu huan ,gou ze san wu cuo zeng ,er you jia yi kai yin ,chuan yi shen qing ,hong yi feng zao ,qi yan zhi ti ,zhi shi da bei yi ,you yue :shao ling bu xiao si yan ,bu fang 《li sao 》,bu yong le fu jiu ti ,shi ci lao xiong zhong bi li chu 。ran feng sao 、le fu wei yi ,du wang wang de zhi ,tai bai yi 《bai you 》deng pian ni feng ya ,《ming gao 》deng zuo ni 《li sao 》,ju xiang qu xuan yuan 。le fu ji wei ,gao chu liu chao ,gu zhi bu ru liang han ,jiao shu du yi chou ye 。you yun :le fu ze da bai shan ji gu jin ,shao ling si ji feng ya ,《shu dao nan 》、《yuan bie li 》deng pian ,chu gui ru shen ,chang huang mo ce ;《bing che hang 》、《xin hun bie 》deng zuo ,shu qing chen shi ,ken li ru jian 。zhang wang yu yi zhuo sheng ,suo wei cha zhi li hao ;wen li yu yi qiao sheng ,suo wei miu yi qian li 。 -----------chou zhao ao 《du shi xiang zhu 》-----------
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相关诗词 xiang guan shi ci
1 1
[魏晋] [wei jin ]
陈琳 chen lin
《饮马长城窟行》 《yin ma chang cheng ku hang 》
饮马长城窟,水寒伤马骨。 展开全文 yin ma chang cheng ku ,shui han shang ma gu 。 zhan kai quan wen
往谓长城吏,慎莫稽留太原卒!官作自有程,举筑谐汝声!男儿宁当格斗死,何能怫郁筑长城。长城何连连,连连三千里。边城多健少,内舍多寡妇。作书与内舍,便嫁莫留住。善待新姑嫜,时时念我故夫子!报书往边地,君今出语一何鄙?身在祸难中,何为稽留他家子?生男慎莫举,生女哺用脯。君独不见长城下,死人骸骨相撑拄。结发行事君,慊慊心意关。明知边地苦,贱妾何能久自全? wang wei chang cheng li ,shen mo ji liu tai yuan cu !guan zuo zi you cheng ,ju zhu xie ru sheng !nan er ning dang ge dou si ,he neng fu yu zhu chang cheng 。chang cheng he lian lian ,lian lian san qian li 。bian cheng duo jian shao ,nei she duo gua fu 。zuo shu yu nei she ,bian jia mo liu zhu 。shan dai xin gu zhang ,shi shi nian wo gu fu zi !bao shu wang bian de ,jun jin chu yu yi he bi ?shen zai huo nan zhong ,he wei ji liu ta jia zi ?sheng nan shen mo ju ,sheng nv bu yong fu 。jun du bu jian chang cheng xia ,si ren hai gu xiang cheng zhu 。jie fa hang shi jun ,qian qian xin yi guan 。ming zhi bian de ku ,jian qie he neng jiu zi quan ?
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2 2
[唐] [tang ]
王昌龄 wang chang ling
《青楼曲二首》 《qing lou qu er shou 》
其一白马金鞍随武皇,旌旗十万宿长杨。 展开全文 ji yi bai ma jin an sui wu huang ,jing qi shi mo su chang yang 。 zhan kai quan wen
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3 3
[唐] [tang ]
杜甫 du fu
《秋兴八首》 《qiu xing ba shou 》
玉露凋伤枫树林,巫山巫峡气萧森。江间波浪兼天涌,塞上风云接地阴。 展开全文 yu lou diao shang feng shu lin ,wu shan wu xia qi xiao sen 。jiang jian bo lang jian tian chong ,sai shang feng yun jie de yin 。 zhan kai quan wen
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杜甫的其他作品 du fu de ji ta zuo pin
《绝句》 《jue gou 》
《登高》 《deng gao 》
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《望岳》 《wang yue 》
《望岳》 《wang yue 》
《望岳》 《wang yue 》
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《春夜喜雨》 《chun ye xi yu 》
《闻官军收河南河北》 《wen guan jun shou he na he bei 》
《蜀相》 《shu xiang 》
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《浣溪沙》 《huan xi sha 》
《浣溪沙》 《huan xi sha 》
《秋兴八首》 《qiu xing ba shou 》
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