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2020
11-24

长恨歌

长恨歌
[唐] 白居易 [tang ] bai ju yi
汉皇重色思倾国,御宇多年求不得。杨家有女初长成,养在深闺人未识。天生丽质难自弃,一朝选在君王侧。回眸一笑百媚生,六宫粉黛无颜色。春寒赐浴华清池,温泉水滑洗凝脂。侍儿扶起娇无力,始是新承恩泽时。云鬓花颜金步摇,芙蓉帐暖度春宵。春宵苦短日高起,从此君王不早朝。承欢侍宴无闲暇,春从春游夜专夜。后宫佳丽三千人,三千宠爱在一身。金屋妆成娇侍夜,玉楼宴罢醉和春。姊妹弟兄皆列土,可怜光采生门户。遂令天下父母心,不重生男重生女。骊宫高处入青云,仙乐风飘处处闻。缓歌慢舞凝丝竹,尽日君王看不足。渔阳鼙鼓动地来,惊破霓裳羽衣曲。九重城阙烟尘生,千乘万骑西南行。翠华摇摇行复止,西出都门百余里。六军不发无奈何,宛转蛾眉马前死。花钿委地无人收,翠翅金雀玉搔头。君王掩面救不得,回看血泪相和流。黄埃散漫风萧索,云栈萦纡登剑阁。峨嵋山下少人行,旌旗无光日色薄。蜀江水碧蜀山青,圣主朝朝暮暮情。行宫见月伤心色,夜雨闻铃肠断声。天旋地转回龙驭,到此踌躇不能去。马嵬坡下泥土中,不见玉颜空死处。君臣相顾尽沾衣,东望都门信马归。归来池苑皆依旧,太液芙蓉未央柳。芙蓉如面柳如眉,对此如何不泪垂。春风桃李花开夜,秋雨梧桐叶落时。西宫南苑多秋草,落叶满阶红不扫。梨园弟子白发新,椒房阿监青娥老。夕殿萤飞思悄然,孤灯挑尽未成眠。迟迟钟鼓初长夜,耿耿星河欲曙天。鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重,翡翠衾寒谁与共。悠悠生死别经年,魂魄不曾来入梦。临邛道士鸿都客,能以精诚致魂魄。为感君王辗转思,遂教方士殷勤觅。排空驭气奔如电,升天入地求之遍。上穷碧落下黄泉,两处茫茫皆不见。忽闻海上有仙山,山在虚无缥缈间。楼阁玲珑五云起,其中绰约多仙子。中有一人字太真,雪肤花貌参差是。金阙西厢叩玉扃,转教小玉报双成。闻道汉家天子使,九华帐里梦魂惊。揽衣推枕起徘徊,珠箔银屏迤逦开。云髻半偏新睡觉,花冠不整下堂来。风吹仙袂飘飖举,犹似霓裳羽衣舞。玉容寂寞泪阑干,梨花一枝春带雨。含情凝睇谢君王,一别音容两渺茫。昭阳殿里恩爱绝,蓬莱宫中日月长。回头下望人寰处,不见长安见尘雾。惟将旧物表深情,钿合金钗寄将去。钗留一股合一扇,钗擘黄金合分钿。但教心似金钿坚,天上人间会相见。临别殷勤重寄词,词中有誓两心知。七月七日长生殿,夜半无人私语时。在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝。天长地久有时尽,此恨绵绵无绝期。 han huang chong se sai qing guo ,yu yu duo nian qiu bu de 。yang jia you nv chu chang cheng ,yang zai shen gui ren wei shi 。tian sheng li zhi nan zi qi ,yi chao shua zai jun wang ce 。hui mou yi xiao bai mei sheng ,liu gong fen dai mo yan se 。chun han ci yu hua qing chi ,wen quan shui hua xi ning zhi 。shi er fu qi jiao mo li ,shi shi xin cheng en ze shi 。yun bin hua yan jin bu yao ,fu rong zhang nuan du chun xiao 。chun xiao ku duan ri gao qi ,cong ci jun wang bu zao chao 。cheng huan shi yan mo xian xia ,chun cong chun you ye zhuan ye 。hou gong jia li san qian ren ,san qian chong ai zai yi shen 。jin wu zhuang cheng jiao shi ye ,yu lou yan ba zui he chun 。zi mei di xiong jie lie tu ,ke lian guang cai sheng men hu 。sui ling tian xia fu mu xin ,bu chong sheng nan chong sheng nv 。li gong gao chu ru qing yun ,xian le feng piao chu chu wen 。huan ge man wu ning si zhu ,jin ri jun wang kan bu zu 。yu yang pi gu dong de lai ,jing po ni chang yu yi qu 。jiu chong cheng que yan chen sheng ,qian cheng mo ji xi na hang 。cui hua yao yao hang fu zhi ,xi chu dou men bai yu li 。liu jun bu fa mo nai he ,wan zhuai e mei ma qian si 。hua dian wei de mo ren shou ,cui chi jin qiao yu sao tou 。jun wang yan mian jiu bu de ,hui kan xie lei xiang he liu 。huang ai san man feng xiao suo ,yun zhan ying yu deng jian ge 。e mei shan xia shao ren hang ,jing qi mo guang ri se bao 。shu jiang shui bi shu shan qing ,sheng zhu chao chao mu mu qing 。hang gong jian yue shang xin se ,ye yu wen ling chang duan sheng 。tian xuan de zhuai hui long yu ,dao ci chou chu bu neng qu 。ma wei po xia ni tu zhong ,bu jian yu yan kong si chu 。jun chen xiang gu jin zhan yi ,dong wang dou men xin ma gui 。gui lai chi yuan jie yi jiu ,tai ye fu rong wei yang liu 。fu rong ru mian liu ru mei ,dui ci ru he bu lei chui 。chun feng tao li hua kai ye ,qiu yu wu tong xie la shi 。xi gong na yuan duo qiu cao ,la xie man jie gong bu sao 。li yuan di zi bai fa xin ,jiao fang a jian qing e lao 。xi dian ying fei sai qiao ran ,gu deng tiao jin wei cheng mian 。chi chi zhong gu chu chang ye ,geng geng xing he yu shu tian 。yuan yang wa leng shuang hua chong ,fei cui qin han shei yu gong 。you you sheng si bie jing nian ,hun bo bu ceng lai ru meng 。lin qiong dao shi hong dou ke ,neng yi jing cheng zhi hun bo 。wei gan jun wang nian zhuai sai ,sui jiao fang shi yan qin mi 。pai kong yu qi ben ru dian ,sheng tian ru de qiu zhi bian 。shang qiong bi la xia huang quan ,liang chu mang mang jie bu jian 。hu wen hai shang you xian shan ,shan zai xu mo piao miao jian 。lou ge ling long wu yun qi ,ji zhong chao yao duo xian zi 。zhong you yi ren zi tai zhen ,xue fu hua mao can cha shi 。jin que xi xiang kou yu jiong ,zhuai jiao xiao yu bao shuang cheng 。wen dao han jia tian zi shi ,jiu hua zhang li meng hun jing 。lan yi tui zhen qi pai huai ,zhu bo yin bing yi li kai 。yun ji ban pian xin shui jiao ,hua guan bu zheng xia tang lai 。feng chui xian mei piao yao ju ,you shi ni chang yu yi wu 。yu rong ji mo lei lan gan ,li hua yi zhi chun dai yu 。han qing ning di xie jun wang ,yi bie yin rong liang miao mang 。zhao yang dian li en ai jue ,peng lai gong zhong ri yue chang 。hui tou xia wang ren huan chu ,bu jian chang an jian chen wu 。wei jiang jiu wu biao shen qing ,dian ge jin chai ji jiang qu 。chai liu yi gu ge yi shan ,chai bo huang jin ge fen dian 。dan jiao xin shi jin dian jian ,tian shang ren jian hui xiang jian 。lin bie yan qin chong ji ci ,ci zhong you shi liang xin zhi 。qi yue qi ri chang sheng dian ,ye ban mo ren si yu shi 。zai tian yuan zuo bi yi diao ,zai de yuan wei lian li zhi 。tian chang de jiu you shi jin ,ci hen mian mian mo jue ji 。
分类标签: fen lei biao qian :
爱情诗 ai qing shi
唐诗三百首 tang shi san bai shou
作品赏析 zuo pin shang xi
本诗写唐明皇和杨贵妃的爱情故事,只开头一句以汉代唐,其它地名、人名都是实的。诗写于宪宗元和六年(806)冬天,诗人正任屋(今陕西周至)县尉,有一次和陈鸿、王质游仙游寺,经王提议,与陈鸿相约将当时正在民间流传的关于玄宗和宠妃的爱情故事写成作品,陈写成《长恨歌传》,白写了这首诗。诗以喜剧开头而转成悲剧,虽然作者的立意是“欲惩尤物”,却成了一首爱情的颂歌。这首叙事诗的最成功处就是抒情,相当复杂的情节只用精炼的几句就交代过去,而着力在情的渲染,细致地写唐明皇与杨贵妃爱情的浓烈和贵妃死后双方的思念之情。其中有不少名句感人至深,千百年来一直为人传诵。诗中戏剧化和神话化的描写和浓郁的浪漫主义色彩,也是它具有很强的艺术魅力的原因。 [附]长恨歌传 前进士陈鸿撰开元中,泰阶平,四海无事。玄宗在位岁久,倦于旰食宵衣,政无大小,始委于右丞相;深居游宴,以声色自娱。先是,元献皇后、武淑妃皆有宠,相次即世。宫中虽良家子千数,无可悦目者。上心忽忽不乐。时每岁十月,驾幸华清宫,内外命妇,熠耀景从,浴日余波,赐以汤沐,春风灵液,澹然其间。上心油然,若有所遇,顾左右前后,粉色如土。诏高力士潜搜外宫,得弘农杨玄琰女于寿邸。既笄矣,(鬓下换真)发腻理,纤浓中度,举止闲发,转动照人。上甚悦。进见之日,奏《霓裳羽衣曲》以导之。定情之夕,授金钗钿合以固之。又命戴步摇,垂金(王当)。明年,册为贵妃半后服用。由是冶其容,敏其词,婉娈万态,以中上意,上益嬖焉。时省风九州,泥金五岳,骊山雪夜,上阳春朝,与上行同辇,居同室,宴专席,寝专房。虽有三夫人、九嫔、二十七世妇、八十一御妻,暨后宫才人、乐府妓女,使天子无顾眄意。自是六宫无复进幸者。非徒殊艳尤态致是,盖才智明慧,善巧便佞,先意希旨,有不可形容者。叔父昆弟,皆列在清贯,爵为通侯。姊妹封国夫人,富埒王室,车服邸第,与大长公主侔,而恩泽势力则又过之。出入禁门不问,京师长吏为之侧目。故当时谣咏有云:“生女勿悲酸,生儿勿喜欢。”又曰:“男不封侯女作妃,看女却为门上楣。”其人心羡慕如此。天宝末,兄国忠盗丞相位,愚弄国柄。及安禄山引兵向阙,以讨杨氏为辞。潼关不守,翠华南幸,出咸阳道,次马嵬亭,六军徘徊,持戟不进,从官郎吏,伏上马前,请诛错以谢天下。国忠奉牦缨盘水,死于道周。左右之意未快。上问之。当时敢言者,请以贵妃塞天下怒。上知不免,而不忍见其死,反袂掩面,使牵之而去。苍黄展转,竟就绝于尺组之下。既而玄宗狩成都,肃宗受禅灵武--以下引自李济洲编著之《全唐诗佳句赏析》http://tshjj.yeah.net/七月七日长生殿①?夜半无人私语时?在天愿作比翼鸟②?在地愿为连理枝③①长生殿:唐华清宫一殿名,天宝元年十一月造,名为集灵台,祀神用。唐代又称皇帝寝殿为长生殿。所以诗中所指长生殿,不一定专指集灵台。②比翼鸟:传说中的鸟,只有一目一翼,其名鹣鹣,雌雄并列,紧靠而飞。③连理枝:两棵树枝干连生在一起。④长恨歌:千古绝唱的长篇叙事诗,作于唐宪宗元和元年冬,时白居易任盩厔县尉,与友人陈鸿、王质夫同游仙游寺,道古论今,言及唐玄宗之溺于声色及杨贵妃之恃宠贵幸,终于酿成马嵬之变,不胜感慨,乃据王质夫之建议作成此诗。陈鸿并为之作《长恨歌传》,于是,诗、传一体,相得益彰。这四句是说,七月七日这天夜半,唐玄宗和杨贵妃在长生殿山盟海誓:在天上愿做比翼齐飞的比翼鸟,在地上愿为枝干相接的连理枝,永永世世作恩爱夫妻。诗句写得宛转动人,常为后人引用,以表示对爱情的忠贞。天生丽质①难自弃②?一朝选③在君王侧④①丽质:美貌。②难自弃:天生美貌,很难自己舍弃、辜负。③选:即选妃。唐玄宗实际是从儿子李瑁手中把杨玉环夺去的,“选”字是为尊者讳的掩饰之词。杨贵妃,小名玉环,蒲州永乐(今山西芮城)人,幼时养在叔父杨玄珪家。开元二十三年(公元735年)册封为寿王李瑁的妃子。开元二十八年(公元740年),玄宗欲纳为妃,慑于公媳名分,将其度为女道士,住太真宫,道号太真,这是一种掩人耳目的临时安排。天宝四载(公无745年),册封贵妃,得到唐玄宗极端的宠幸。④侧:身边。这两句是说,杨贵妃天生美丽漂亮,怎能弃置不顾?一旦“选”到唐玄宗身边为妃,就得到极端的宠幸。这是直述其事,实事实写,因为杨贵妃乃寿王妃,唐玄宗的儿媳,如此写来,语含讽刺,耐人寻味。天长地久有时尽①?此恨②绵绵③无绝期④①天长句:天再长,地再久,总有到尽头的时候。②此恨:指唐玄宗与杨贵妃的爱情悲剧。③绵绵:长远不断的样子。④无绝期:没有了结的时候。这两句是说,天那么长,地那么久,也有穷尽的时候;这爱情悲剧的绵绵长恨,却永远没有了结的日子。诗句以概括性的语言点明“长恨”,表现了唐玄宗对杨贵妃的爱情誓言不能实现的千古遗恨。这两句常为后人引用,表示遗恨之无穷。九重城阙①烟尘生②?千乘万骑西南行③①九重城阙:指京城。皇帝居住的地方有九道门,叫九重,一路门,二应门,三雉门,四库门,五皋门,六城门,七近郊门,八远郊门,九关门。 ②烟尘生:发生战乱。 ③千乘句:西南行,指逃亡四川。《旧唐书·玄宗纪》:天宝十五载六月,潼关不守,京师大骇。“甲午,将谋幸蜀。……乙未,凌晨,自延秋门出,微雨沾湿,扈从惟宰相杨国忠、韦见素、内侍高力士及太子,亲王、妃主、皇孙已下多从之不及。”《资治通鉴·唐纪》卷三十四:’杨国忠……首唱幸蜀之策,上然之。……甲午,……上移仗北内,既夕,命龙武大将军陈玄礼整比六军,厚赐钱帛,选闲厩马九百余匹,外人皆莫之知。乙未,黎明,上独与贵妃姊妹、皇子、妃、主、皇孙、杨国忠、韦见素、魏方进、陈玄礼及亲近宦官、宫人出延秋门,妃、主、皇孙之外者,皆委之而去。”可知此次逃亡极为仓促匆忙,唐玄宗已被吓得手足无措,只有带着杨贵妃逃跑了;当时,狼狈不堪,“六军扈从者,千人而已”。诗中“千乘万骑”乃夸饰之词,不足为信。这两句是说,富贵天子唐玄宗吓破了胆,带着贵妃和千骑之众,仓忙向四川逃跑。虽然诗人未完全摆脱“为尊者讳”的束缚,“行”字中却隐含了丰富的言外之意,耐人寻味。马嵬坡①下泥土中?不见玉颜空死处②①马嵬坡:在今陕西省兴平市西,即“西出都门百余里”所指之地。 ②不见句:不见杨妃,只见她的死处。玉颜:指杨贵妃。这两句是说,唐玄宗由蜀返回长安,途经马嵬坡葬杨妃处,曾派人置棺改葬。挖开土冢,尸已腐化,唯存所佩香囊。所以说,在马嵬坡的泥土中,不见杨妃,只见她的死处。一个“空”字,蕴含着唐玄宗内心的悲哀、痛苦的回忆和无尽的思念之情。上穷①碧落②下黄泉③?两处茫茫皆不见①穷:穷尽、遍及。 ②碧落:道家称东方第一层天,碧霞满空,叫做“碧落”。这里泛指天上。 ③黄泉:人死后埋葬的地穴。借指阴间。这两句写唐玄宗命方士从天上到地下苦苦寻觅贵妃,渺渺茫茫,遍寻无着。表现了唐玄宗对杨贵妃深深的思念之情。殿萤飞思悄然①?孤灯挑尽②未成眠①思悄然:孤寂悲凉之状。 ②孤灯挑尽:古时用灯草点油灯,过一会儿就要把灯草往前挑一下,让它继续燃烧。“挑尽”是说夜已深了,灯草即将挑尽。形容夜不成眠的境况。这两句是说,夜晚的旧宫殿里一派冷落景象,只有萤火虫飞来飞去;灯草挑尽,夜已深沉,人还是不能安眠入睡。极力渲染唐玄宗对杨贵妃的思念,以致夜不成眠的孤寂凄苦境况。六军①不发②无奈何?宛转③蛾眉④马前死①六军:皇帝的警卫部队。周代制度,天子六军,每军一万二千五百人,后泛称皇帝的警卫部队为六军。唐玄宗时,实际有左右龙武、左右羽林四军,以后才增左右神策军,合为六军。 ②不发:不肯前进。《资治通鉴》载:上至马嵬驿,将士饥疲,皆愤怒。陈玄礼以祸由杨国忠,欲诛之;会吐蕃使者二十余人遮国忠马,诉以无食。国忠未及对,军士呼曰:国忠与胡虏谋反,国忠走,追杀之。上杖履出驿门,慰劳军士,令收队,军士不应。上使高力士问之,玄礼对曰:国忠谋反,贵妃不宜供奉,愿陛下割恩正法。上曰:贵妃深居,安知国忠反谋?力士曰:贵妃诚无罪,然将士已杀国忠,而贵妃在陛下左右岂敢自安?愿陛下审思之,将士安则陛下安矣。上命力士引贵妃于佛堂,缢杀之。舆尸驿庭,召玄礼等入视之,于是始整部伍为行计。 ③宛转:犹展转,凄楚缠绵态。 ④蛾眉:本指美女的眉毛,后借指美女,此处指杨贵妃。这两句是说,往西离开都城才一百多里,六军不肯前进,真是无可奈何,杨贵妃在凄楚缠绵之中在马前被勒死。反映了“六军不发”,要求处死杨贵妃,是愤于唐玄宗迷恋酒色,祸国殃民。诗句以替罪羊之死,委婉而含蓄地抨击了唐玄宗,余韵无穷。风吹仙袂①飘摇举?犹似霓裳羽衣舞①袂:衣袖。这两句是说,杨贵妃站在仙山之上,清风吹来,衣袖随之飘起,有一种飘逸、洒脱、超尘脱俗的美,就好像当年在宫中跳霓裳羽衣舞时的优美舞姿。诗人借助想象,让杨贵妃的形象在仙境中再现,形象生动,宛转动人,更加深化了唐玄宗对杨贵妃的思念,进一步渲染了“长恨”的主题。--引自李济洲编著之《全唐诗佳句赏析》http://tshjj.yeah.net/  《长恨歌》是白居易诗作中脍炙人口的名篇,作于元和元年(806),当时诗人正在盩厔县(今陕西周至)任县尉。这首诗是他和友人陈鸿、王质夫同游仙游寺,有感于唐玄宗、杨贵妃的故事而创作的。在这首长篇叙事诗里,作者以精炼的语言,优美的形象,叙事和抒情结合的手法,叙述了唐玄宗、杨贵妃在安史之乱中的爱情悲剧:他们的爱情被自己酿成的叛乱断送了,正在没完没了地吃着这一精神的苦果。唐玄宗、杨贵妃都是历史上的人物,诗人并不拘泥于历史,而是借着历史的一点影子,根据当时人们的传说,街坊的歌唱,从中蜕化出一个回旋曲折、宛转动人的故事,用回环往复、缠绵悱恻的艺术形式,描摹、歌咏出来。由于诗中的故事、人物都是艺术化的,是现实中人的复杂真实的再现,所以能够在历代读者的心中漾起阵阵涟漪。  《长恨歌》就是歌“长恨”,“长恨”是诗歌的主题,故事的焦点,也是埋在诗里的一颗牵动人心的种子。而“恨”什么,为什么要“长恨”,诗人不是直接铺叙、抒写出来,而是通过他笔下诗化的故事,一层一层地展示给读者,让人们自己去揣摸,去回味,去感受。  诗歌开卷第一句:“汉皇重色思倾国”,看来很寻常,好象故事原就应该从这里写起,不需要作者花什么心思似的,事实上这七个字含量极大,是全篇纲领,它既揭示了故事的悲剧因素,又唤起和统领着全诗。紧接着,诗人用极其省俭的语言,叙述了安史之乱前,唐玄宗如何重色、求色,终于得到了“回眸一笑百媚生,六宫粉黛无颜色”的杨贵妃。描写了杨贵妃的美貌、娇媚,进宫后因有色而得宠,不但自己“新承恩泽”,而且“姊妹弟兄皆列土”。反复渲染唐玄宗得贵妃以后在宫中如何纵欲,如何行乐,如何终日沉湎于歌舞酒色之中。所有这些,就酿成了安史之乱:“渔阳鼙鼓动地来,惊破霓裳羽衣曲”。这一部分写出了“长恨”的内因,是悲剧故事的基础。诗人通过这一段宫中生活的写实,不无讽刺地向我们介绍了故事的男女主人公:一个重色轻国的帝王,一个娇媚恃宠的妃子。还形象地暗示我们,唐玄宗的迷色误国,就是这一悲剧的根源。  下面,诗人具体的描述了安史之乱发生后,皇帝兵马仓皇逃入西南的情景,特别是在这一动乱中唐玄宗和杨贵妃爱情的毁灭。“六军不发无奈何,宛转蛾眉马前死。花钿委地无人收,翠翘金雀玉搔头。君王掩面救不得,回看血泪相和流”,写的就是他们在马嵬坡生离死别的一幕。“六军不发”,要求处死杨贵妃,是愤于唐玄宗迷恋女色,祸国殃民。杨贵妃的死,在整个故事中,是一个关键性的情节,在这之后,他们的爱情才成为一场悲剧,接着,从“黄埃散漫风萧索”起至“魂魄不曾来入梦”,诗人抓住了人物精神世界里揪心的“恨”,用酸恻动人的语调,宛转形容和描述了杨贵妃死后唐玄宗在蜀中的寂寞悲伤,还都路上的追怀忆旧,回宫以后睹物思人,触景生情,一年四季物是人非事事休的种种感触。缠绵悱恻的相思之情,使人觉得回肠荡气。正由于诗人把人物的感情渲染到这样的程度,后面道士的到来,仙境的出现,便给人一种真实感,不以为纯粹是一种空中楼阁了。  从“临邛道士鸿都客”至诗的末尾,写道士帮助唐玄宗寻找杨贵妃。诗人采用的是浪漫主义的手法,忽而上天,忽而入地,“上穷碧落下黄泉,两处茫茫皆不见”。后来,在海上虚无缥缈的仙山上找到了杨贵妃,让她以“玉容寂寞泪阑干,梨花一枝春带雨”的形象在仙境中再现,殷勤迎接汉家的使者,含情脉脉,托物寄词,重申前誓,照应唐玄宗对她的思念,进一步深化、渲染“长恨”的主题。诗歌的末尾,用“开长地久有时尽,此恨绵绵无绝期”结笔,点明题旨,回应开头,而且做到“清音有余”,给读者以联想、回味的余地。  《长恨歌》首先给我们艺术美的享受的是诗中那个宛转动人的故事,是诗歌精巧独特的艺术构思。全篇中心是歌“长恨”,但诗人却从“重色”说起,并且予以极力铺写和渲染。“日高起”、“不早朝”、“夜专夜”、“看不足”等等,看来是乐到了极点,象是一幕喜剧,然而,极度的乐,正反衬出后面无穷无尽的恨。唐玄宗的荒淫误国,引出了政治上的悲剧,反过来又导致了他和杨贵妃的爱情悲剧。悲剧的制造者最后成为悲剧的主人公,这是故事的特殊、曲折处,也是诗中男女主人公之所以要“长恨”的原因。过去许多人说《长恨歌》有讽喻意味,这首诗的讽喻意味就在这里。那么,诗人又是如何表现“长恨”的呢?马嵬坡杨贵妃之死一场,诗人刻画极其细腻,把唐玄宗那种不忍割爱但又欲救不得的内心矛盾和痛苦感情,都具体形象地表现出来了。由于这“血泪相和流”的死别,才会有那没完没了的恨。随后,诗人用许多笔墨从各个方面反复渲染唐玄宗对杨贵妃的思念,但诗歌的故事情节并没有停止在一个感情点上,而是随着人物内心世界的层层展示,感应他的景物的不断变化,把时间和故事向前推移,用人物的思想感情来开拓和推动情节的发展。唐玄宗奔蜀,是在死别之后,内心十分酸楚愁惨;还都路上,旧地重经,又勾起了伤心的回忆;回宫后,白天睹物伤情,夜晚辗转难眠。日思夜想而不得,所以寄希望于梦境,却又是“悠悠生死别经年,魂魄不曾来入梦”。诗至此,已经把“长恨”之“恨”写得十分动人心魄,故事到此结束似乎也可以。然而诗人笔锋一折,别开境界,借助想象的彩翼,构思了一个妩媚动人的仙境,把悲剧故事的情节推向高潮,使故事更加回环曲折,有起伏,有波澜。这一转折,既出人意料,又尽在情理之中。由于主观愿望和客观现实不断发生矛盾、碰撞,诗歌把人物千回百转的心理表现得淋漓尽致,故事也因此而显得更为宛转动人。  《长恨歌》是一首抒情成份很浓的叙事诗,诗人在叙述故事和人物塑造上,采用了我国传统诗歌擅长的抒写手法,将叙事、写景和抒情和谐地结合在一起,形成诗歌抒情上回环往复的特点。诗人时而把人物的思想感情注入景物,用景物的折光来烘托人物的心境;时而抓住人物周围富有特征性的景物、事物,通过人物对它们的感受来表现内心的感情,层层渲染,恰如其分地表达人物蕴蓄在内心深处的难达之情。唐玄宗逃往西南的路上,四处是黄尘、栈道、高山,日色暗淡,旌旗无光,秋景凄凉,这是以悲凉的秋景来烘托人物的悲思。在蜀地,面对着青山绿水,还是朝夕不能忘情,蜀中的山山水水原是很美的,但是在寂寞悲哀的唐玄宗眼中,那山的“青”,水的“碧”,也都惹人伤心,大自然的美应该有恬静的心境才能享受,他却没有,所以就更增加了内心的痛苦。这是透过美景来写哀情,使感情又深入一层。行宫中的月色,雨夜里的铃声,本来就很撩人意绪,诗人抓住这些寻常但是富有特征性的事物,把人带进伤心、断肠的境界,再加上那一见一闻,一色一声,互相交错,在语言上、声调上也表现出人物内心的愁苦凄清,这又是一层。还都路上,“天旋地转”,本来是高兴的事,但旧地重过,玉颜不见,不由伤心泪下。叙事中,又增加了一层痛苦的回忆。回长安后,“归来池苑皆依旧,太液芙蓉未央柳。芙蓉如面柳如眉,对此如何不泪垂”。白日里,由于环境和景物的触发,从景物联想到人,景物依旧,人却不在了,禁不住就潸然泪下,从太液池的芙蓉花和未央宫的垂柳仿佛看到了杨贵妃的容貌,展示了人物极其复杂微妙的内心活动。“夕殿萤飞思悄然,孤灯挑尽未成眠。迟迟钟鼓初长夜,耿耿星河欲曙天”。从黄昏写到黎明,集中地表现了夜间被情思萦绕久久不能入睡的情景。这种苦苦的思恋,“春风桃李花开日”是这样,“秋雨梧桐叶落时”也是这样。及至看到当年的“梨园弟子”、“阿监青娥”都已白发衰颜,更勾引起对往日欢娱的思念,自是黯然神伤。从黄埃散漫到蜀山青青,从行宫夜雨到凯旋回归,从白日到黑夜,从春天到秋天,处处触物伤情,时时睹物思人,从各个方面反复渲染诗中主人公的苦苦追求和寻觅。现实生活中找不到,到梦中去找,梦中找不到,又到仙境中去找。如此跌宕回环,层层渲染,使人物感情回旋上升,达到了高潮。诗人正是通过这样的层层渲染,反复抒情,回环往复,让人物的思想感情蕴蓄得更深邃丰富,使诗歌“肌理细腻”,更富有艺术的感染力。  作为一首千古绝唱的叙事诗,《长恨歌》在艺术上的成就是很高的。古往今来,许多人都肯定这首诗的特殊的艺术魅力。《长恨歌》在艺术上以什么感染和诱惑着读者呢?宛转动人,缠绵悱恻,恐怕是它最大的艺术个性,也是它能吸住千百年来的读者,使他们受感染、被诱惑的力量。  (饶芃子) ben shi xie tang ming huang he yang gui fei de ai qing gu shi ,zhi kai tou yi gou yi han dai tang ,ji ta de ming 、ren ming dou shi shi de 。shi xie yu xian zong yuan he liu nian (806)dong tian ,shi ren zheng ren wu (jin shan xi zhou zhi )xian wei ,you yi ci he chen hong 、wang zhi you xian you si ,jing wang di yi ,yu chen hong xiang yao jiang dang shi zheng zai min jian liu chuan de guan yu xuan zong he chong fei de ai qing gu shi xie cheng zuo pin ,chen xie cheng 《chang hen ge chuan 》,bai xie le zhe shou shi 。shi yi xi ju kai tou er zhuai cheng bei ju ,sui ran zuo zhe de li yi shi “yu cheng you wu ”,que cheng le yi shou ai qing de song ge 。zhe shou xu shi shi de zui cheng gong chu jiu shi shu qing ,xiang dang fu za de qing jie zhi yong jing lian de ji gou jiu jiao dai guo qu ,er zhao li zai qing de xuan ran ,xi zhi de xie tang ming huang yu yang gui fei ai qing de nong lie he gui fei si hou shuang fang de sai nian zhi qing 。ji zhong you bu shao ming gou gan ren zhi shen ,qian bai nian lai yi zhi wei ren chuan song 。shi zhong hu ju hua he shen hua hua de miao xie he nong yu de lang man zhu yi se cai ,ye shi ta ju you hen jiang de yi shu mei li de yuan yin 。 [fu ]chang hen ge chuan  qian jin shi chen hong zhuan kai yuan zhong ,tai jie ping ,si hai mo shi 。xuan zong zai wei sui jiu ,juan yu gan shi xiao yi ,zheng mo da xiao ,shi wei yu you cheng xiang ;shen ju you yan ,yi sheng se zi yu 。xian shi ,yuan suo huang hou 、wu shu fei jie you chong ,xiang ci ji shi 。gong zhong sui liang jia zi qian shu ,mo ke yue mu zhe 。shang xin hu hu bu le 。shi mei sui shi yue ,jia xing hua qing gong ,nei wai ming fu ,yi yao jing cong ,yu ri yu bo ,ci yi shang mu ,chun feng ling ye ,dan ran ji jian 。shang xin you ran ,re you suo yu ,gu zuo you qian hou ,fen se ru tu 。zhao gao li shi qian sou wai gong ,de hong nong yang xuan yan nv yu shou di 。ji ji yi ,(bin xia huan zhen )fa ni li ,qian nong zhong du ,ju zhi xian fa ,zhuai dong zhao ren 。shang shen yue 。jin jian zhi ri ,zou 《ni chang yu yi qu 》yi dao zhi 。ding qing zhi xi ,shou jin chai dian ge yi gu zhi 。you ming dai bu yao ,chui jin (wang dang )。ming nian ,ce wei gui fei ban hou fu yong 。you shi ye ji rong ,min ji ci ,wan luan mo tai ,yi zhong shang yi ,shang yi bi yan 。shi sheng feng jiu zhou ,ni jin wu yue ,li shan xue ye ,shang yang chun chao ,yu shang hang tong nian ,ju tong shi ,yan zhuan xi ,qin zhuan fang 。sui you san fu ren 、jiu pin 、er shi qi shi fu 、ba shi yi yu qi ,ji hou gong cai ren 、le fu ji nv ,shi tian zi mo gu mian yi 。zi shi liu gong mo fu jin xing zhe 。fei tu shu yan you tai zhi shi ,gai cai zhi ming hui ,shan qiao bian ning ,xian yi xi zhi ,you bu ke xing rong zhe 。shu fu kun di ,jie lie zai qing guan ,jue wei tong hou 。zi mei feng guo fu ren ,fu lie wang shi ,che fu di di ,yu da chang gong zhu mou ,er en ze shi li ze you guo zhi 。chu ru jin men bu wen ,jing shi chang li wei zhi ce mu 。gu dang shi yao yong you yun :“sheng nv wu bei suan ,sheng er wu xi huan 。”you yue :“nan bu feng hou nv zuo fei ,kan nv que wei men shang mei 。”ji ren xin xian mu ru ci 。tian bao mo ,xiong guo zhong dao cheng xiang wei ,yu long guo bing 。ji an lu shan yin bing xiang que ,yi tao yang shi wei ci 。tong guan bu shou ,cui hua na xing ,chu xian yang dao ,ci ma wei ting ,liu jun pai huai ,chi ji bu jin ,cong guan lang li ,fu shang ma qian ,qing zhu cuo yi xie tian xia 。guo zhong feng mao ying pan shui ,si yu dao zhou 。zuo you zhi yi wei kuai 。shang wen zhi 。dang shi gan yan zhe ,qing yi gui fei sai tian xia nu 。shang zhi bu mian ,er bu ren jian ji si ,fan mei yan mian ,shi qian zhi er qu 。cang huang zhan zhuai ,jing jiu jue yu che zu zhi xia 。ji er xuan zong shou cheng dou ,su zong shou chan ling wu --yi xia yin zi li ji zhou bian zhe zhi 《quan tang shi jia gou shang xi 》http://tshjj.yeah.net/qi yue qi ri chang sheng dian ①?ye ban mo ren si yu shi ?zai tian yuan zuo bi yi diao ②?zai de yuan wei lian li zhi ③①chang sheng dian :tang hua qing gong yi dian ming ,tian bao yuan nian shi yi yue zao ,ming wei ji ling tai ,si shen yong 。tang dai you chen huang di qin dian wei chang sheng dian 。suo yi shi zhong suo zhi chang sheng dian ,bu yi ding zhuan zhi ji ling tai 。②bi yi diao :chuan shui zhong de diao ,zhi you yi mu yi yi ,ji ming jian jian ,ci xiong bing lie ,jin kao er fei 。③lian li zhi :liang ke shu zhi gan lian sheng zai yi qi 。④chang hen ge :qian gu jue chang de chang pian xu shi shi ,zuo yu tang xian zong yuan he yuan nian dong ,shi bai ju yi ren chou shi xian wei ,yu you ren chen hong 、wang zhi fu tong you xian you si ,dao gu lun jin ,yan ji tang xuan zong zhi ni yu sheng se ji yang gui fei zhi shi chong gui xing ,zhong yu niang cheng ma wei zhi bian ,bu sheng gan kai ,nai ju wang zhi fu zhi jian yi zuo cheng ci shi 。chen hong bing wei zhi zuo 《chang hen ge chuan 》,yu shi ,shi 、chuan yi ti ,xiang de yi zhang 。zhe si gou shi shui ,qi yue qi ri zhe tian ye ban ,tang xuan zong he yang gui fei zai chang sheng dian shan meng hai shi :zai tian shang yuan zuo bi yi ji fei de bi yi diao ,zai de shang yuan wei zhi gan xiang jie de lian li zhi ,yong yong shi shi zuo en ai fu qi 。shi gou xie de wan zhuai dong ren ,chang wei hou ren yin yong ,yi biao shi dui ai qing de zhong zhen 。tian sheng li zhi ①nan zi qi ②?yi chao shua ③zai jun wang ce ④①li zhi :mei mao 。②nan zi qi :tian sheng mei mao ,hen nan zi ji she qi 、gu fu 。③shua :ji shua fei 。tang xuan zong shi ji shi cong er zi li mao shou zhong ba yang yu huan duo qu de ,“shua ”zi shi wei zun zhe hui de yan shi zhi ci 。yang gui fei ,xiao ming yu huan ,pu zhou yong le (jin shan xi rui cheng )ren ,you shi yang zai shu fu yang xuan gui jia 。kai yuan er shi san nian (gong yuan 735nian )ce feng wei shou wang li mao de fei zi 。kai yuan er shi ba nian (gong yuan 740nian ),xuan zong yu na wei fei ,she yu gong xi ming fen ,jiang ji du wei nv dao shi ,zhu tai zhen gong ,dao hao tai zhen ,zhe shi yi chong yan ren er mu de lin shi an pai 。tian bao si zai (gong mo 745nian ),ce feng gui fei ,de dao tang xuan zong ji duan de chong xing 。④ce :shen bian 。zhe liang gou shi shui ,yang gui fei tian sheng mei li piao liang ,zen neng qi zhi bu gu ?yi dan “shua ”dao tang xuan zong shen bian wei fei ,jiu de dao ji duan de chong xing 。zhe shi zhi shu ji shi ,shi shi shi xie ,yin wei yang gui fei nai shou wang fei ,tang xuan zong de er xi ,ru ci xie lai ,yu han feng ci ,nai ren xun wei 。tian chang de jiu you shi jin ①?ci hen ②mian mian ③mo jue ji ④①tian chang gou :tian zai chang ,de zai jiu ,zong you dao jin tou de shi hou 。②ci hen :zhi tang xuan zong yu yang gui fei de ai qing bei ju 。③mian mian :chang yuan bu duan de yang zi 。④mo jue ji :mei you le jie de shi hou 。zhe liang gou shi shui ,tian na me chang ,de na me jiu ,ye you qiong jin de shi hou ;zhe ai qing bei ju de mian mian chang hen ,que yong yuan mei you le jie de ri zi 。shi gou yi gai gua xing de yu yan dian ming “chang hen ”,biao xian le tang xuan zong dui yang gui fei de ai qing shi yan bu neng shi xian de qian gu wei hen 。zhe liang gou chang wei hou ren yin yong ,biao shi wei hen zhi mo qiong 。jiu chong cheng que ①yan chen sheng ②?qian cheng mo ji xi na hang ③①jiu chong cheng que :zhi jing cheng 。huang di ju zhu de de fang you jiu dao men ,jiao jiu chong ,yi lu men ,er ying men ,san zhi men ,si ku men ,wu gao men ,liu cheng men ,qi jin jiao men ,ba yuan jiao men ,jiu guan men 。 ②yan chen sheng :fa sheng zhan luan 。 ③qian cheng gou :xi na hang ,zhi tao wang si chuan 。《jiu tang shu ·xuan zong ji 》:tian bao shi wu zai liu yue ,tong guan bu shou ,jing shi da hai 。“jia wu ,jiang mou xing shu 。……yi wei ,ling chen ,zi yan qiu men chu ,wei yu zhan shi ,hu cong wei zai xiang yang guo zhong 、wei jian su 、nei shi gao li shi ji tai zi ,qin wang 、fei zhu 、huang sun yi xia duo cong zhi bu ji 。”《zi zhi tong jian ·tang ji 》juan san shi si :’yang guo zhong ……shou chang xing shu zhi ce ,shang ran zhi 。……jia wu ,……shang yi zhang bei nei ,ji xi ,ming long wu da jiang jun chen xuan li zheng bi liu jun ,hou ci qian bo ,shua xian jiu ma jiu bai yu pi ,wai ren jie mo zhi zhi 。yi wei ,li ming ,shang du yu gui fei zi mei 、huang zi 、fei 、zhu 、huang sun 、yang guo zhong 、wei jian su 、wei fang jin 、chen xuan li ji qin jin huan guan 、gong ren chu yan qiu men ,fei 、zhu 、huang sun zhi wai zhe ,jie wei zhi er qu 。”ke zhi ci ci tao wang ji wei cang cu cong mang ,tang xuan zong yi bei he de shou zu mo cuo ,zhi you dai zhao yang gui fei tao pao le ;dang shi ,lang bei bu kan ,“liu jun hu cong zhe ,qian ren er yi ”。shi zhong “qian cheng mo ji ”nai kua shi zhi ci ,bu zu wei xin 。zhe liang gou shi shui ,fu gui tian zi tang xuan zong he po le dan ,dai zhao gui fei he qian ji zhi zhong ,cang mang xiang si chuan tao pao 。sui ran shi ren wei wan quan bai tuo “wei zun zhe hui ”de shu fu ,“hang ”zi zhong que yin han le feng fu de yan wai zhi yi ,nai ren xun wei 。ma wei po ①xia ni tu zhong ?bu jian yu yan kong si chu ②①ma wei po :zai jin shan xi sheng xing ping shi xi ,ji “xi chu dou men bai yu li ”suo zhi zhi de 。 ②bu jian gou :bu jian yang fei ,zhi jian ta de si chu 。yu yan :zhi yang gui fei 。zhe liang gou shi shui ,tang xuan zong you shu fan hui chang an ,tu jing ma wei po zang yang fei chu ,ceng pa ren zhi guan gai zang 。wa kai tu zhong ,shi yi fu hua ,wei cun suo pei xiang nang 。suo yi shui ,zai ma wei po de ni tu zhong ,bu jian yang fei ,zhi jian ta de si chu 。yi ge “kong ”zi ,wen han zhao tang xuan zong nei xin de bei ai 、tong ku de hui yi he mo jin de sai nian zhi qing 。shang qiong ①bi la ②xia huang quan ③?liang chu mang mang jie bu jian ①qiong :qiong jin 、bian ji 。 ②bi la :dao jia chen dong fang di yi ceng tian ,bi xia man kong ,jiao zuo “bi la ”。zhe li fan zhi tian shang 。 ③huang quan :ren si hou mai zang de de xue 。jie zhi yin jian 。zhe liang gou xie tang xuan zong ming fang shi cong tian shang dao de xia ku ku xun mi gui fei ,miao miao mang mang ,bian xun mo zhao 。biao xian le tang xuan zong dui yang gui fei shen shen de sai nian zhi qing 。dian ying fei sai qiao ran ①?gu deng tiao jin ②wei cheng mian ①sai qiao ran :gu ji bei liang zhi zhuang 。 ②gu deng tiao jin :gu shi yong deng cao dian you deng ,guo yi hui er jiu yao ba deng cao wang qian tiao yi xia ,rang ta ji xu ran shao 。“tiao jin ”shi shui ye yi shen le ,deng cao ji jiang tiao jin 。xing rong ye bu cheng mian de jing kuang 。zhe liang gou shi shui ,ye wan de jiu gong dian li yi pa leng la jing xiang ,zhi you ying huo chong fei lai fei qu ;deng cao tiao jin ,ye yi shen chen ,ren hai shi bu neng an mian ru shui 。ji li xuan ran tang xuan zong dui yang gui fei de sai nian ,yi zhi ye bu cheng mian de gu ji qi ku jing kuang 。liu jun ①bu fa ②mo nai he ?wan zhuai ③e mei ④ma qian si ①liu jun :huang di de jing wei bu dui 。zhou dai zhi du ,tian zi liu jun ,mei jun yi mo er qian wu bai ren ,hou fan chen huang di de jing wei bu dui wei liu jun 。tang xuan zong shi ,shi ji you zuo you long wu 、zuo you yu lin si jun ,yi hou cai zeng zuo you shen ce jun ,ge wei liu jun 。 ②bu fa :bu ken qian jin 。《zi zhi tong jian 》zai :shang zhi ma wei yi ,jiang shi ji pi ,jie fen nu 。chen xuan li yi huo you yang guo zhong ,yu zhu zhi ;hui tu fan shi zhe er shi yu ren zhe guo zhong ma ,su yi mo shi 。guo zhong wei ji dui ,jun shi hu yue :guo zhong yu hu lu mou fan ,guo zhong zou ,zhui sha zhi 。shang zhang lv chu yi men ,wei lao jun shi ,ling shou dui ,jun shi bu ying 。shang shi gao li shi wen zhi ,xuan li dui yue :guo zhong mou fan ,gui fei bu yi gong feng ,yuan bi xia ge en zheng fa 。shang yue :gui fei shen ju ,an zhi guo zhong fan mou ?li shi yue :gui fei cheng mo zui ,ran jiang shi yi sha guo zhong ,er gui fei zai bi xia zuo you qi gan zi an ?yuan bi xia shen sai zhi ,jiang shi an ze bi xia an yi 。shang ming li shi yin gui fei yu fo tang ,yi sha zhi 。yu shi yi ting ,shao xuan li deng ru shi zhi ,yu shi shi zheng bu wu wei hang ji 。 ③wan zhuai :you zhan zhuai ,qi chu chan mian tai 。 ④e mei :ben zhi mei nv de mei mao ,hou jie zhi mei nv ,ci chu zhi yang gui fei 。zhe liang gou shi shui ,wang xi li kai dou cheng cai yi bai duo li ,liu jun bu ken qian jin ,zhen shi mo ke nai he ,yang gui fei zai qi chu chan mian zhi zhong zai ma qian bei le si 。fan ying le “liu jun bu fa ”,yao qiu chu si yang gui fei ,shi fen yu tang xuan zong mi lian jiu se ,huo guo yang min 。shi gou yi ti zui yang zhi si ,wei wan er han xu de peng ji le tang xuan zong ,yu yun mo qiong 。feng chui xian mei ①piao yao ju ?you shi ni chang yu yi wu ①mei :yi xiu 。zhe liang gou shi shui ,yang gui fei zhan zai xian shan zhi shang ,qing feng chui lai ,yi xiu sui zhi piao qi ,you yi chong piao yi 、sa tuo 、chao chen tuo su de mei ,jiu hao xiang dang nian zai gong zhong tiao ni chang yu yi wu shi de you mei wu zi 。shi ren jie zhu xiang xiang ,rang yang gui fei de xing xiang zai xian jing zhong zai xian ,xing xiang sheng dong ,wan zhuai dong ren ,geng jia shen hua le tang xuan zong dui yang gui fei de sai nian ,jin yi bu xuan ran le “chang hen ”de zhu ti 。--yin zi li ji zhou bian zhe zhi 《quan tang shi jia gou shang xi 》http://tshjj.yeah.net/  《chang hen ge 》shi bai ju yi shi zuo zhong kuai zhi ren kou de ming pian ,zuo yu yuan he yuan nian (806),dang shi shi ren zheng zai chou shi xian (jin shan xi zhou zhi )ren xian wei 。zhe shou shi shi ta he you ren chen hong 、wang zhi fu tong you xian you si ,you gan yu tang xuan zong 、yang gui fei de gu shi er chuang zuo de 。zai zhe shou chang pian xu shi shi li ,zuo zhe yi jing lian de yu yan ,you mei de xing xiang ,xu shi he shu qing jie ge de shou fa ,xu shu le tang xuan zong 、yang gui fei zai an shi zhi luan zhong de ai qing bei ju :ta men de ai qing bei zi ji niang cheng de pan luan duan song le ,zheng zai mei wan mei le de chi zhao zhe yi jing shen de ku guo 。tang xuan zong 、yang gui fei dou shi li shi shang de ren wu ,shi ren bing bu ju ni yu li shi ,er shi jie zhao li shi de yi dian ying zi ,gen ju dang shi ren men de chuan shui ,jie fang de ge chang ,cong zhong tui hua chu yi ge hui xuan qu she 、wan zhuai dong ren de gu shi ,yong hui huan wang fu 、chan mian fei ce de yi shu xing shi ,miao mo 、ge yong chu lai 。you yu shi zhong de gu shi 、ren wu dou shi yi shu hua de ,shi xian shi zhong ren de fu za zhen shi de zai xian ,suo yi neng gou zai li dai dou zhe de xin zhong yang qi zhen zhen lian yi 。  《chang hen ge 》jiu shi ge “chang hen ”,“chang hen ”shi shi ge de zhu ti ,gu shi de jiao dian ,ye shi mai zai shi li de yi ke qian dong ren xin de chong zi 。er “hen ”shen me ,wei shen me yao “chang hen ”,shi ren bu shi zhi jie pu xu 、shu xie chu lai ,er shi tong guo ta bi xia shi hua de gu shi ,yi ceng yi ceng de zhan shi gei dou zhe ,rang ren men zi ji qu chuai mo ,qu hui wei ,qu gan shou 。  shi ge kai juan di yi gou :“han huang chong se sai qing guo ”,kan lai hen xun chang ,hao xiang gu shi yuan jiu ying gai cong zhe li xie qi ,bu xu yao zuo zhe hua shen me xin sai shi de ,shi shi shang zhe qi ge zi han liang ji da ,shi quan pian gang ling ,ta ji jie shi le gu shi de bei ju yin su ,you huan qi he tong ling zhao quan shi 。jin jie zhao ,shi ren yong ji ji sheng jian de yu yan ,xu shu le an shi zhi luan qian ,tang xuan zong ru he chong se 、qiu se ,zhong yu de dao le “hui mou yi xiao bai mei sheng ,liu gong fen dai mo yan se ”de yang gui fei 。miao xie le yang gui fei de mei mao 、jiao mei ,jin gong hou yin you se er de chong ,bu dan zi ji “xin cheng en ze ”,er ju “zi mei di xiong jie lie tu ”。fan fu xuan ran tang xuan zong de gui fei yi hou zai gong zhong ru he zong yu ,ru he hang le ,ru he zhong ri chen mian yu ge wu jiu se zhi zhong 。suo you zhe xie ,jiu niang cheng le an shi zhi luan :“yu yang pi gu dong de lai ,jing po ni chang yu yi qu ”。zhe yi bu fen xie chu le “chang hen ”de nei yin ,shi bei ju gu shi de ji chu 。shi ren tong guo zhe yi duan gong zhong sheng huo de xie shi ,bu mo feng ci de xiang wo men jie shao le gu shi de nan nv zhu ren gong :yi ge chong se qing guo de di wang ,yi ge jiao mei shi chong de fei zi 。hai xing xiang de an shi wo men ,tang xuan zong de mi se wu guo ,jiu shi zhe yi bei ju de gen yuan 。  xia mian ,shi ren ju ti de miao shu le an shi zhi luan fa sheng hou ,huang di bing ma cang huang tao ru xi na de qing jing ,te bie shi zai zhe yi dong luan zhong tang xuan zong he yang gui fei ai qing de hui mie 。“liu jun bu fa mo nai he ,wan zhuai e mei ma qian si 。hua dian wei de mo ren shou ,cui qiao jin qiao yu sao tou 。jun wang yan mian jiu bu de ,hui kan xie lei xiang he liu ”,xie de jiu shi ta men zai ma wei po sheng li si bie de yi mu 。“liu jun bu fa ”,yao qiu chu si yang gui fei ,shi fen yu tang xuan zong mi lian nv se ,huo guo yang min 。yang gui fei de si ,zai zheng ge gu shi zhong ,shi yi ge guan jian xing de qing jie ,zai zhe zhi hou ,ta men de ai qing cai cheng wei yi chang bei ju ,jie zhao ,cong “huang ai san man feng xiao suo ”qi zhi “hun bo bu ceng lai ru meng ”,shi ren zhua zhu le ren wu jing shen shi jie li jiu xin de “hen ”,yong suan ce dong ren de yu diao ,wan zhuai xing rong he miao shu le yang gui fei si hou tang xuan zong zai shu zhong de ji mo bei shang ,hai dou lu shang de zhui huai yi jiu ,hui gong yi hou du wu sai ren ,chu jing sheng qing ,yi nian si ji wu shi ren fei shi shi xiu de chong chong gan chu 。chan mian fei ce de xiang sai zhi qing ,shi ren jiao de hui chang dang qi 。zheng you yu shi ren ba ren wu de gan qing xuan ran dao zhe yang de cheng du ,hou mian dao shi de dao lai ,xian jing de chu xian ,bian gei ren yi chong zhen shi gan ,bu yi wei chun cui shi yi chong kong zhong lou ge le 。  cong “lin qiong dao shi hong dou ke ”zhi shi de mo wei ,xie dao shi bang zhu tang xuan zong xun zhao yang gui fei 。shi ren cai yong de shi lang man zhu yi de shou fa ,hu er shang tian ,hu er ru de ,“shang qiong bi la xia huang quan ,liang chu mang mang jie bu jian ”。hou lai ,zai hai shang xu mo piao miao de xian shan shang zhao dao le yang gui fei ,rang ta yi “yu rong ji mo lei lan gan ,li hua yi zhi chun dai yu ”de xing xiang zai xian jing zhong zai xian ,yan qin ying jie han jia de shi zhe ,han qing mai mai ,tuo wu ji ci ,chong shen qian shi ,zhao ying tang xuan zong dui ta de sai nian ,jin yi bu shen hua 、xuan ran “chang hen ”de zhu ti 。shi ge de mo wei ,yong “kai chang de jiu you shi jin ,ci hen mian mian mo jue ji ”jie bi ,dian ming ti zhi ,hui ying kai tou ,er ju zuo dao “qing yin you yu ”,gei dou zhe yi lian xiang 、hui wei de yu de 。  《chang hen ge 》shou xian gei wo men yi shu mei de xiang shou de shi shi zhong na ge wan zhuai dong ren de gu shi ,shi shi ge jing qiao du te de yi shu gou sai 。quan pian zhong xin shi ge “chang hen ”,dan shi ren que cong “chong se ”shui qi ,bing ju yu yi ji li pu xie he xuan ran 。“ri gao qi ”、“bu zao chao ”、“ye zhuan ye ”、“kan bu zu ”deng deng ,kan lai shi le dao le ji dian ,xiang shi yi mu xi ju ,ran er ,ji du de le ,zheng fan chen chu hou mian mo qiong mo jin de hen 。tang xuan zong de huang yin wu guo ,yin chu le zheng zhi shang de bei ju ,fan guo lai you dao zhi le ta he yang gui fei de ai qing bei ju 。bei ju de zhi zao zhe zui hou cheng wei bei ju de zhu ren gong ,zhe shi gu shi de te shu 、qu she chu ,ye shi shi zhong nan nv zhu ren gong zhi suo yi yao “chang hen ”de yuan yin 。guo qu hu duo ren shui 《chang hen ge 》you feng yu yi wei ,zhe shou shi de feng yu yi wei jiu zai zhe li 。na me ,shi ren you shi ru he biao xian “chang hen ”de ne ?ma wei po yang gui fei zhi si yi chang ,shi ren ke hua ji ji xi ni ,ba tang xuan zong na chong bu ren ge ai dan you yu jiu bu de de nei xin mao dun he tong ku gan qing ,dou ju ti xing xiang de biao xian chu lai le 。you yu zhe “xie lei xiang he liu ”de si bie ,cai hui you na mei wan mei le de hen 。sui hou ,shi ren yong hu duo bi mo cong ge ge fang mian fan fu xuan ran tang xuan zong dui yang gui fei de sai nian ,dan shi ge de gu shi qing jie bing mei you ting zhi zai yi ge gan qing dian shang ,er shi sui zhao ren wu nei xin shi jie de ceng ceng zhan shi ,gan ying ta de jing wu de bu duan bian hua ,ba shi jian he gu shi xiang qian tui yi ,yong ren wu de sai xiang gan qing lai kai ta he tui dong qing jie de fa zhan 。tang xuan zong ben shu ,shi zai si bie zhi hou ,nei xin shi fen suan chu chou can ;hai dou lu shang ,jiu de chong jing ,you gou qi le shang xin de hui yi ;hui gong hou ,bai tian du wu shang qing ,ye wan nian zhuai nan mian 。ri sai ye xiang er bu de ,suo yi ji xi wang yu meng jing ,que you shi “you you sheng si bie jing nian ,hun bo bu ceng lai ru meng ”。shi zhi ci ,yi jing ba “chang hen ”zhi “hen ”xie de shi fen dong ren xin bo ,gu shi dao ci jie shu shi hu ye ke yi 。ran er shi ren bi feng yi she ,bie kai jing jie ,jie zhu xiang xiang de cai yi ,gou sai le yi ge wu mei dong ren de xian jing ,ba bei ju gu shi de qing jie tui xiang gao chao ,shi gu shi geng jia hui huan qu she ,you qi fu ,you bo lan 。zhe yi zhuai she ,ji chu ren yi liao ,you jin zai qing li zhi zhong 。you yu zhu guan yuan wang he ke guan xian shi bu duan fa sheng mao dun 、peng zhuang ,shi ge ba ren wu qian hui bai zhuai de xin li biao xian de lin li jin zhi ,gu shi ye yin ci er xian de geng wei wan zhuai dong ren 。  《chang hen ge 》shi yi shou shu qing cheng fen hen nong de xu shi shi ,shi ren zai xu shu gu shi he ren wu su zao shang ,cai yong le wo guo chuan tong shi ge shan chang de shu xie shou fa ,jiang xu shi 、xie jing he shu qing he xie de jie ge zai yi qi ,xing cheng shi ge shu qing shang hui huan wang fu de te dian 。shi ren shi er ba ren wu de sai xiang gan qing zhu ru jing wu ,yong jing wu de she guang lai hong tuo ren wu de xin jing ;shi er zhua zhu ren wu zhou wei fu you te zheng xing de jing wu 、shi wu ,tong guo ren wu dui ta men de gan shou lai biao xian nei xin de gan qing ,ceng ceng xuan ran ,qia ru ji fen de biao da ren wu wen xu zai nei xin shen chu de nan da zhi qing 。tang xuan zong tao wang xi na de lu shang ,si chu shi huang chen 、zhan dao 、gao shan ,ri se an dan ,jing qi mo guang ,qiu jing qi liang ,zhe shi yi bei liang de qiu jing lai hong tuo ren wu de bei sai 。zai shu de ,mian dui zhao qing shan lu shui ,hai shi chao xi bu neng wang qing ,shu zhong de shan shan shui shui yuan shi hen mei de ,dan shi zai ji mo bei ai de tang xuan zong yan zhong ,na shan de “qing ”,shui de “bi ”,ye dou re ren shang xin ,da zi ran de mei ying gai you tian jing de xin jing cai neng xiang shou ,ta que mei you ,suo yi jiu geng zeng jia le nei xin de tong ku 。zhe shi tou guo mei jing lai xie ai qing ,shi gan qing you shen ru yi ceng 。hang gong zhong de yue se ,yu ye li de ling sheng ,ben lai jiu hen liao ren yi xu ,shi ren zhua zhu zhe xie xun chang dan shi fu you te zheng xing de shi wu ,ba ren dai jin shang xin 、duan chang de jing jie ,zai jia shang na yi jian yi wen ,yi se yi sheng ,hu xiang jiao cuo ,zai yu yan shang 、sheng diao shang ye biao xian chu ren wu nei xin de chou ku qi qing ,zhe you shi yi ceng 。hai dou lu shang ,“tian xuan de zhuai ”,ben lai shi gao xing de shi ,dan jiu de chong guo ,yu yan bu jian ,bu you shang xin lei xia 。xu shi zhong ,you zeng jia le yi ceng tong ku de hui yi 。hui chang an hou ,“gui lai chi yuan jie yi jiu ,tai ye fu rong wei yang liu 。fu rong ru mian liu ru mei ,dui ci ru he bu lei chui ”。bai ri li ,you yu huan jing he jing wu de chu fa ,cong jing wu lian xiang dao ren ,jing wu yi jiu ,ren que bu zai le ,jin bu zhu jiu shan ran lei xia ,cong tai ye chi de fu rong hua he wei yang gong de chui liu fang fo kan dao le yang gui fei de rong mao ,zhan shi le ren wu ji ji fu za wei miao de nei xin huo dong 。“xi dian ying fei sai qiao ran ,gu deng tiao jin wei cheng mian 。chi chi zhong gu chu chang ye ,geng geng xing he yu shu tian ”。cong huang hun xie dao li ming ,ji zhong de biao xian le ye jian bei qing sai ying rao jiu jiu bu neng ru shui de qing jing 。zhe chong ku ku de sai lian ,“chun feng tao li hua kai ri ”shi zhe yang ,“qiu yu wu tong xie la shi ”ye shi zhe yang 。ji zhi kan dao dang nian de “li yuan di zi ”、“a jian qing e ”dou yi bai fa cui yan ,geng gou yin qi dui wang ri huan yu de sai nian ,zi shi an ran shen shang 。cong huang ai san man dao shu shan qing qing ,cong hang gong ye yu dao kai xuan hui gui ,cong bai ri dao hei ye ,cong chun tian dao qiu tian ,chu chu chu wu shang qing ,shi shi du wu sai ren ,cong ge ge fang mian fan fu xuan ran shi zhong zhu ren gong de ku ku zhui qiu he xun mi 。xian shi sheng huo zhong zhao bu dao ,dao meng zhong qu zhao ,meng zhong zhao bu dao ,you dao xian jing zhong qu zhao 。ru ci die dang hui huan ,ceng ceng xuan ran ,shi ren wu gan qing hui xuan shang sheng ,da dao le gao chao 。shi ren zheng shi tong guo zhe yang de ceng ceng xuan ran ,fan fu shu qing ,hui huan wang fu ,rang ren wu de sai xiang gan qing wen xu de geng shen sui feng fu ,shi shi ge “ji li xi ni ”,geng fu you yi shu de gan ran li 。  zuo wei yi shou qian gu jue chang de xu shi shi ,《chang hen ge 》zai yi shu shang de cheng jiu shi hen gao de 。gu wang jin lai ,hu duo ren dou ken ding zhe shou shi de te shu de yi shu mei li 。《chang hen ge 》zai yi shu shang yi shen me gan ran he you huo zhao dou zhe ne ?wan zhuai dong ren ,chan mian fei ce ,kong pa shi ta zui da de yi shu ge xing ,ye shi ta neng xi zhu qian bai nian lai de dou zhe ,shi ta men shou gan ran 、bei you huo de li liang 。  (rao peng zi )
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