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2020
11-24

声声慢·寻寻觅觅

声声慢·寻寻觅觅
[宋] 李清照 [song ] li qing zhao
寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他、晚来风急?雁过也,正伤心,却是旧时相识。满地黄花堆积。憔悴损,如今有谁堪摘?守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑?梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第,怎一个愁字了得! xun xun mi mi ,leng leng qing qing ,qi qi can can qi qi 。zha nuan hai han shi hou ,zui nan jiang xi 。san bei liang zhan dan jiu ,zen di ta 、wan lai feng ji ?yan guo ye ,zheng shang xin ,que shi jiu shi xiang shi 。man de huang hua dui ji 。qiao cui sun ,ru jin you shei kan zhai ?shou zhao chuang er ,du zi zen sheng de hei ?wu tong geng jian xi yu ,dao huang hun 、dian dian di di 。zhe ci di ,zen yi ge chou zi le de !
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这是李清照南渡以后的一首震动词坛的名作。通过秋景秋情的描绘,抒发国破家亡、天涯沦落的悲苦,具有时代色彩。在结构上打破了上下片的局限,全词一气贯注,着意渲染愁情,如泣如诉,感人至深。首句连下十四个叠字,形象地抒写了作者的心情。下文“点点滴滴”又前后照应,表现了作者孤独寂寞的忧郁情绪和动荡不安的心境。全词一字一泪,缠绵哀怨,极富艺术感染力。【集评】罗大经《鹤林玉露》:起头连叠七字,以妇人乃能创意出奇如此。杨慎《词品》:宋人中填词,易安亦称冠绝,使在衣冠,当与秦七、黄九争,不独争雄于闺阁也。其词名《漱玉集》,寻之未得,《声声慢》一词,最为婉妙。张端义《贵耳集》:此乃公孙大娘舞剑手,本朝非无能词之士,未曾有一下十四叠字者,用《文选》诸赋格。后叠又云“梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏点点滴滴”,又使叠字,俱无斧凿痕。更有一奇字云:“守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑?”“黑”字不许第二人押。妇人有此文笔,殆间气也。徐釚《词苑丛谈》:首句连下十四个叠字,真似大珠小珠落玉盘也。刘体仁《七颂堂随笔》:易安居士“最难将息”“怎一个愁字了得”深妙稳雅,不落蒜酪,亦不落绝句,真此道本色当行第一人也。周济《介存斋词选序论》:李易安之“凄凄惨惨戚戚”,三叠韵,六双声,是锻炼出来,非偶然拈得也。许昂霄《词综偶评》:易安此词,颇带伧气,而昔人极口称之,殆不可解。陈廷焯《白雨斋词话》:后幅一片神行,愈唱愈妙。陆鎣《问花楼词话》:《声声慢》一词,顿挫凄绝。吴灏《历朝名媛诗词》:易安以词专长,挥洒俊逸,亦能琢炼。其《声声慢》一阕,其佳处在后又下“点点滴滴”四字,与前照应有法,不是草草落句,玩其笔力,本自矫拔,词家少有,庶几苏、辛之亚。梁绍壬《两般秋雨庵随笔》:李易安词:“寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚”,连上十四叠字,则出奇制胜,真匪夷所思矣。梁启超《中国韵文里头所表现的情感》:那种茕独恓惶的景况,非本人不能领略;所以一字一泪,都是咬着牙根咽下。-----------------------------《声声慢》又名《胜胜慢》,清照这首词改押入声韵,并屡用叠字和双声字,这就变舒缓为急促,变哀惋为凄厉。此词以豪放纵恣之笔写激动悲怆之怀,不能列入婉约体。这首作法独特的词,就其内容而言,是一篇悲秋赋。开端三句用一连串叠字写主人公一整天的愁苦心情,从“寻寻觅觅”开始,可见她从一起床便百无聊赖,如有所失,于是东张西望,仿佛飘流在海洋中的人要抓到点什么才能得救似的,希望找到点什么来寄托自己的空虚寂寞。下文“冷冷清清”,是“寻寻觅觅”的结果,不但无所获,反被一种孤寂清冷的气氛袭来,使自己感到凄惨忧戚。于是紧接着再写了一句“凄凄惨惨戚戚”。仅此三句,定下一种愁惨而凄厉的基调。“乍暖还寒时候”是此词的难点之一。此词作于秋天,但秋天的气候应该说“乍寒还暖”,只有早春天气才能用得上“乍暖还寒”。所以,这首词是写一日之晨,秋日清晨,朝阳初出,故言“乍暖”;但晓寒犹重,秋风砭骨,故言“还寒”。至于“时候”二字在宋时已与现代汉语无殊了。“最难将息”句则与上文“寻寻觅觅”句相呼应,说明从一清早自己就不知如何是好。“三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他晓来风急”,“晓”,通行本作“晚”。从全词意境来看,应该是“晓”字。说“晓来风急”,正与上文“乍暖还寒”相合。古人晨起于卯时饮酒,又称“扶头卯酒”。这句是说借酒无法消愁“雁过也”的“雁”,是南来秋雁,正是往昔在北方见到的,所以说“正伤心,却是旧时相识”了。这一句是虚写,以寄寓作者的怀乡之情。下片由秋日高空转入自家庭院。园中开满了菊花,秋意正浓。这里“满地黄花堆积”是指菊花盛开,而非残英满地。“憔悴损”是指自己因忧伤而憔悴瘦损,也不是指菊花枯萎凋谢。正由于自己无心看花,虽值菊堆满地,却不想去摘它赏它,然而人不摘花,花当自萎;及花已损,则欲摘已不堪摘了。这里既写出了自己无心摘花的郁闷,又透露了惜花将谢的情怀,笔意深远。“守著窗儿”句,写独坐无聊,内心苦闷之状,比“寻寻觅觅”三句又过之而无不及。这一句从反面说,好象天有意不肯黑下来而使人尤为难过。“梧桐”两句兼用温庭筠《更漏子》下片“梧桐树,三更雨,不道离情正苦;一叶叶,一声声,空阶滴到明”词意,把两种内容融而为一,笔直情切。最后以“怎一个愁字了得”句作收,是独辟蹊径。自庚信以来,诗人写愁,多半极言其多。这里却化多为少,只说自己思绪纷茫复杂,仅用一个“愁”字如何包括得尽。妙在又不说明于一个“愁”字之外更有什么心情,即戛然而止。表面上有“欲说还休”之势,实际上已倾泻无遗。这首词始终紧扣悲秋之意,尽得六朝抒情小赋之神髓;又以接近口语的朴素清新的语言谱入新声,写尽了作者晚年的凄苦悲愁,是一首个性独具的抒情名作。 zhe shi li qing zhao na du yi hou de yi shou zhen dong ci tan de ming zuo 。tong guo qiu jing qiu qing de miao hui ,shu fa guo po jia wang 、tian ya lun la de bei ku ,ju you shi dai se cai 。zai jie gou shang da po le shang xia pian de ju xian ,quan ci yi qi guan zhu ,zhao yi xuan ran chou qing ,ru qi ru su ,gan ren zhi shen 。shou gou lian xia shi si ge die zi ,xing xiang de shu xie le zuo zhe de xin qing 。xia wen “dian dian di di ”you qian hou zhao ying ,biao xian le zuo zhe gu du ji mo de you yu qing xu he dong dang bu an de xin jing 。quan ci yi zi yi lei ,chan mian ai yuan ,ji fu yi shu gan ran li 。【ji ping 】luo da jing 《he lin yu lou 》:qi tou lian die qi zi ,yi fu ren nai neng chuang yi chu ji ru ci 。yang shen 《ci pin 》:song ren zhong tian ci ,yi an yi chen guan jue ,shi zai yi guan ,dang yu qin qi 、huang jiu zheng ,bu du zheng xiong yu gui ge ye 。ji ci ming 《shu yu ji 》,xun zhi wei de ,《sheng sheng man 》yi ci ,zui wei wan miao 。zhang duan yi 《gui er ji 》:ci nai gong sun da niang wu jian shou ,ben chao fei mo neng ci zhi shi ,wei ceng you yi xia shi si die zi zhe ,yong 《wen shua 》zhu fu ge 。hou die you yun “wu tong geng jian xi yu ,dao huang hun dian dian di di ”,you shi die zi ,ju mo fu zao hen 。geng you yi ji zi yun :“shou zhao chuang er ,du zi zen sheng de hei ?”“hei ”zi bu hu di er ren ya 。fu ren you ci wen bi ,dai jian qi ye 。xu qiu 《ci yuan cong tan 》:shou gou lian xia shi si ge die zi ,zhen shi da zhu xiao zhu la yu pan ye 。liu ti ren 《qi song tang sui bi 》:yi an ju shi “zui nan jiang xi ”“zen yi ge chou zi le de ”shen miao wen ya ,bu la suan lao ,yi bu la jue gou ,zhen ci dao ben se dang hang di yi ren ye 。zhou ji 《jie cun zhai ci shua xu lun 》:li yi an zhi “qi qi can can qi qi ”,san die yun ,liu shuang sheng ,shi duan lian chu lai ,fei ou ran nian de ye 。hu ang xiao 《ci zeng ou ping 》:yi an ci ci ,po dai cang qi ,er xi ren ji kou chen zhi ,dai bu ke jie 。chen ting chao 《bai yu zhai ci hua 》:hou fu yi pian shen hang ,yu chang yu miao 。liu 鎣《wen hua lou ci hua 》:《sheng sheng man 》yi ci ,du cuo qi jue 。wu hao 《li chao ming yuan shi ci 》:yi an yi ci zhuan chang ,hui sa jun yi ,yi neng zhuo lian 。ji 《sheng sheng man 》yi que ,ji jia chu zai hou you xia “dian dian di di ”si zi ,yu qian zhao ying you fa ,bu shi cao cao la gou ,wan ji bi li ,ben zi jiao ba ,ci jia shao you ,shu ji su 、xin zhi ya 。liang shao ren 《liang ban qiu yu an sui bi 》:li yi an ci :“xun xun mi mi ,leng leng qing qing ,qi qi can can qi qi ”,lian shang shi si die zi ,ze chu ji zhi sheng ,zhen fei yi suo sai yi 。liang qi chao 《zhong guo yun wen li tou suo biao xian de qing gan 》:na chong qiong du xi huang de jing kuang ,fei ben ren bu neng ling lve ;suo yi yi zi yi lei ,dou shi yao zhao ya gen yan xia 。-----------------------------《sheng sheng man 》you ming 《sheng sheng man 》,qing zhao zhe shou ci gai ya ru sheng yun ,bing lv yong die zi he shuang sheng zi ,zhe jiu bian shu huan wei ji cu ,bian ai wan wei qi li 。ci ci yi hao fang zong zi zhi bi xie ji dong bei chuang zhi huai ,bu neng lie ru wan yao ti 。zhe shou zuo fa du te de ci ,jiu ji nei rong er yan ,shi yi pian bei qiu fu 。kai duan san gou yong yi lian chuan die zi xie zhu ren gong yi zheng tian de chou ku xin qing ,cong “xun xun mi mi ”kai shi ,ke jian ta cong yi qi chuang bian bai mo liao lai ,ru you suo shi ,yu shi dong zhang xi wang ,fang fo piao liu zai hai xiang zhong de ren yao zhua dao dian shen me cai neng de jiu shi de ,xi wang zhao dao dian shen me lai ji tuo zi ji de kong xu ji mo 。xia wen “leng leng qing qing ”,shi “xun xun mi mi ”de jie guo ,bu dan mo suo huo ,fan bei yi chong gu ji qing leng de qi fen xi lai ,shi zi ji gan dao qi can you qi 。yu shi jin jie zhao zai xie le yi gou “qi qi can can qi qi ”。jin ci san gou ,ding xia yi chong chou can er qi li de ji diao 。“zha nuan hai han shi hou ”shi ci ci de nan dian zhi yi 。ci ci zuo yu qiu tian ,dan qiu tian de qi hou ying gai shui “zha han hai nuan ”,zhi you zao chun tian qi cai neng yong de shang “zha nuan hai han ”。suo yi ,zhe shou ci shi xie yi ri zhi chen ,qiu ri qing chen ,chao yang chu chu ,gu yan “zha nuan ”;dan xiao han you chong ,qiu feng bian gu ,gu yan “hai han ”。zhi yu “shi hou ”er zi zai song shi yi yu xian dai han yu mo shu le 。“zui nan jiang xi ”gou ze yu shang wen “xun xun mi mi ”gou xiang hu ying ,shui ming cong yi qing zao zi ji jiu bu zhi ru he shi hao 。“san bei liang zhan dan jiu ,zen di ta xiao lai feng ji ”,“xiao ”,tong hang ben zuo “wan ”。cong quan ci yi jing lai kan ,ying gai shi “xiao ”zi 。shui “xiao lai feng ji ”,zheng yu shang wen “zha nuan hai han ”xiang ge 。gu ren chen qi yu mao shi yin jiu ,you chen “fu tou mao jiu ”。zhe gou shi shui jie jiu mo fa xiao chou “yan guo ye ”de “yan ”,shi na lai qiu yan ,zheng shi wang xi zai bei fang jian dao de ,suo yi shui “zheng shang xin ,que shi jiu shi xiang shi ”le 。zhe yi gou shi xu xie ,yi ji yu zuo zhe de huai xiang zhi qing 。xia pian you qiu ri gao kong zhuai ru zi jia ting yuan 。yuan zhong kai man le ju hua ,qiu yi zheng nong 。zhe li “man de huang hua dui ji ”shi zhi ju hua cheng kai ,er fei can ying man de 。“qiao cui sun ”shi zhi zi ji yin you shang er qiao cui shou sun ,ye bu shi zhi ju hua ku wei diao xie 。zheng you yu zi ji mo xin kan hua ,sui zhi ju dui man de ,que bu xiang qu zhai ta shang ta ,ran er ren bu zhai hua ,hua dang zi wei ;ji hua yi sun ,ze yu zhai yi bu kan zhai le 。zhe li ji xie chu le zi ji mo xin zhai hua de yu men ,you tou lou le xi hua jiang xie de qing huai ,bi yi shen yuan 。“shou zhe chuang er ”gou ,xie du zuo mo liao ,nei xin ku men zhi zhuang ,bi “xun xun mi mi ”san gou you guo zhi er mo bu ji 。zhe yi gou cong fan mian shui ,hao xiang tian you yi bu ken hei xia lai er shi ren you wei nan guo 。“wu tong ”liang gou jian yong wen ting jun 《geng lou zi 》xia pian “wu tong shu ,san geng yu ,bu dao li qing zheng ku ;yi xie xie ,yi sheng sheng ,kong jie di dao ming ”ci yi ,ba liang chong nei rong rong er wei yi ,bi zhi qing qie 。zui hou yi “zen yi ge chou zi le de ”gou zuo shou ,shi du bi qi jing 。zi geng xin yi lai ,shi ren xie chou ,duo ban ji yan ji duo 。zhe li que hua duo wei shao ,zhi shui zi ji sai xu fen mang fu za ,jin yong yi ge “chou ”zi ru he bao gua de jin 。miao zai you bu shui ming yu yi ge “chou ”zi zhi wai geng you shen me xin qing ,ji jia ran er zhi 。biao mian shang you “yu shui hai xiu ”zhi shi ,shi ji shang yi qing xie mo wei 。zhe shou ci shi zhong jin kou bei qiu zhi yi ,jin de liu chao shu qing xiao fu zhi shen sui ;you yi jie jin kou yu de piao su qing xin de yu yan pu ru xin sheng ,xie jin le zuo zhe wan nian de qi ku bei chou ,shi yi shou ge xing du ju de shu qing ming zuo 。
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眉翠薄,鬓云残,夜长衾枕寒。梧桐树,三更雨,不道离情正苦。一叶叶,一声声,空阶滴到明。 mei cui bao ,bin yun can ,ye chang qin zhen han 。wu tong shu ,san geng yu ,bu dao li qing zheng ku 。yi xie xie ,yi sheng sheng ,kong jie di dao ming 。
收起 shou qi
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[宋] [song ]
李清照 li qing zhao
《凤凰台上忆吹箫·香冷金猊》 《feng huang tai shang yi chui xiao ·xiang leng jin ni 》
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李清照的其他作品 li qing zhao de ji ta zuo pin
《如梦令·常记溪亭日暮》 《ru meng ling ·chang ji xi ting ri mu 》
《如梦令·昨夜雨疏风骤》 《ru meng ling ·zuo ye yu shu feng zhou 》
《一剪梅·红藕香残玉簟秋》 《yi jian mei ·gong ou xiang can yu dian qiu 》
《一剪梅·红藕香残玉簟秋》 《yi jian mei ·gong ou xiang can yu dian qiu 》
《醉花阴·薄雾浓云愁永昼》 《zui hua yin ·bao wu nong yun chou yong zhou 》
《醉花阴·薄雾浓云愁永昼》 《zui hua yin ·bao wu nong yun chou yong zhou 》
《武陵春·春晚》 《wu ling chun ·chun wan 》
《蝶恋花·晚止昌乐馆寄姊妹》 《die lian hua ·wan zhi chang le guan ji zi mei 》
《蝶恋花·暖雨晴风初破冻》 《die lian hua ·nuan yu qing feng chu po dong 》
《蝶恋花·上巳召亲族》 《die lian hua ·shang si shao qin zu 》
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《浣溪沙》 《huan xi sha 》
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《浣溪沙·小院闲窗春已深》 《huan xi sha ·xiao yuan xian chuang chun yi shen 》
《浣溪沙·闺情》 《huan xi sha ·gui qing 》
《浣溪沙》 《huan xi sha 》
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