关山月 |
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[唐] 李白 | [tang ] li bai |
明月出天山,苍茫云海间。长风几万里,吹度玉门关。汉下白登道,胡窥青海湾。由来征战地,不见有人还。戍客望边色,思归多苦颜。高楼当此夜,叹息未应闲。 | ming yue chu tian shan ,cang mang yun hai jian 。chang feng ji mo li ,chui du yu men guan 。han xia bai deng dao ,hu kui qing hai wan 。you lai zheng zhan de ,bu jian you ren hai 。shu ke wang bian se ,sai gui duo ku yan 。gao lou dang ci ye ,tan xi wei ying xian 。 |
分类标签: | fen lei biao qian : |
思乡诗 | sai xiang shi |
唐诗三百首 | tang shi san bai shou |
作品赏析 | zuo pin shang xi |
【注释】:关山月:乐府《横吹曲》调名。白登:今山西大同市东有白登山。汉高祖刘邦曾亲率大军与匈奴交战,被困七日。【简析】:这首诗描绘了边塞的风光,戍卒的遭遇,更深一层转入戍卒与思妇两地相思的痛苦。开头的描绘都是为后面作渲染和铺垫,而侧重写望月引起的情思。【评析】:这首诗在内容上仍继承古乐府,但诗人笔力浑宏,又有很大的提高。诗的开头四句,主要写关、山、月三种因素在内的辽阔的边塞图景,从而表现出征人怀乡的情绪;中间四句,具体写到战争的景象,战场悲惨残酷;后四句写征人望边地而思念家乡,进而推想妻子月夜高楼叹息不止。这末了四句与诗人《春思》中的“当君怀归日,是妾断肠时”同一笔调。而“由来征战地,不见有人还”又与王昌龄的“黄尘足今古,白骨乱蓬蒿”同步。the moon at the fortified passthe bright moon lifts from the mountain of heaven in an infinite haze of cloud and sea, and the wind, that has come a thousand miles, beats at the jade pass battlements.... china marches its men down baideng road while tartar troops peer across blue waters of the bay.... and since not one battle famous in history sent all its fighters back again, the soldiers turn round, looking toward the border, and think of home, with wistful eyes, and of those tonight in the upper chambers who toss and sigh and cannot rest. “关山月”是乐府旧题。《乐府古题要解》:“‘关山月’,伤离别也。”李白的这首诗,在内容上继承了古乐府,但又有极大的提高。 开头四句,可以说是一幅包含着关、山、月三种因素在内的辽阔的边塞图景。我们在一般文学作品里,常常看到“月出东海”或“月出东山”一类描写,而天山在我国西部,似乎应该是月落的地方,何以说“明月出天山”呢?原来这是就征人角度说的。征人戍守在天山之西,回首东望,所看到的是明月从天山升起的景象。天山虽然不靠海,但横亘在山上的云海则是有的。诗人把似乎是在人们印象中只有大海上空才更常见的云月苍茫的景象,与雄浑磅礴的天山组合到一起,显得新鲜而壮观。这样的境界,在一般才力薄弱的诗人面前,也许难乎为继,但李白有的是笔力。接下去“长风几万里,吹度玉门关”,范围比前两句更为广阔。宋代的杨齐贤,好象唯恐“几万里”出问题,说是:“天山至玉门关不为太远,而曰几万里者,以月如出于天山耳,非以天山为度也。”用想象中的明月与玉门关的距离来解释“几万里”,看起来似乎稳妥了,但李白是讲“长风”之长,并未说到明月与地球的距离。其实,这两句仍然是从征戍者角度而言的,士卒们身在西北边疆,月光下伫立遥望故园时,但觉长风浩浩,似掠过几万里中原国土,横度玉门关而来。如果联系李白《子夜吴歌》中“秋风吹不尽,总是玉关情”来进行理解,诗的意蕴就更清楚了。这样,连同上面的描写,便以长风、明月、天山、玉门关为特征,构成一幅万里边塞图。这里表面上似乎只是写了自然景象,但只要设身处地体会这是征人东望所见,那种怀念乡土的情绪就很容易感觉到了。 “汉下白登道,胡窥青海湾。由来征战地,不见有人还。”这是在前四句广阔的边塞自然图景上,迭印出征战的景象。下,指出兵。汉高祖刘邦领兵征匈奴,曾被匈奴在白登山(今山西大同市西)围困了七天。而青海湾一带,则是唐军与吐蕃连年征战之地。这种历代无休止的战争,使得从来出征的战士,几乎见不到有人生还故乡。这四句在结构上起着承上启下的作用,描写的对象由边塞过渡到战争,由战争过渡到征戍者。 “戍客望边色,思归多苦颜。高楼当此夜,叹息未应闲。”战士们望着边地的景象,思念家乡,脸上多现出愁苦的颜色,他们推想自家高楼上的妻子,在此苍茫月夜,叹息之声当是不会停止的。“望边色”三个字在李白笔下似乎只是漫不经心地写出,但却把以上那幅万里边塞图和征战的景象,跟“戍客”紧紧连系起来了。所见的景象如此,所思亦自是广阔而渺远。战士们想象中的高楼思妇的情思和他们的叹息,在那样一个广阔背景的衬托下,也就显得格外深沉了。 诗人放眼于古来边塞上的漫无休止的民族冲突,揭示了战争所造成的巨大牺牲和给无数征人及其家属所带来的痛苦,但对战争并没有作单纯的谴责或歌颂,诗人象是沉思着一代代人为它所支付的沉重的代价!在这样的矛盾面前,诗人,征人,乃至读者,很容易激起一种渴望。这种渴望,诗中没有直接说出,但类似“乃知兵者是凶器,圣人不得已而用之”(《战城南》)的想法,是读者在读这篇作品时很容易产生的。 离人思妇之情,在一般诗人笔下,往往写得纤弱和过于愁苦,与之相应,境界也往往狭窄。但李白却用“明月出天山,苍茫云海间。长风几万里,吹度玉门关”的万里边塞图景来引发这种感情。这只有胸襟如李白这样浩渺的人,才会如此下笔。明代胡应麟评论说:“浑雄之中,多少闲雅。”如果把“闲雅”理解为不局促于一时一事,是带着一种更为广远、沉静的思索,那么,他的评语是很恰当的。用广阔的空间和时间做背景,并在这样的思索中,把眼前的思乡离别之情融合进去,从而展开更深远的意境,这是其他一些诗人所难以企及的。(余恕诚) | 【zhu shi 】:guan shan yue :le fu 《heng chui qu 》diao ming 。bai deng :jin shan xi da tong shi dong you bai deng shan 。han gao zu liu bang ceng qin lv da jun yu xiong nu jiao zhan ,bei kun qi ri 。【jian xi 】:zhe shou shi miao hui le bian sai de feng guang ,shu cu de zao yu ,geng shen yi ceng zhuai ru shu cu yu sai fu liang de xiang sai de tong ku 。kai tou de miao hui dou shi wei hou mian zuo xuan ran he pu dian ,er ce chong xie wang yue yin qi de qing sai 。【ping xi 】:zhe shou shi zai nei rong shang reng ji cheng gu le fu ,dan shi ren bi li hun hong ,you you hen da de di gao 。shi de kai tou si gou ,zhu yao xie guan 、shan 、yue san chong yin su zai nei de liao kuo de bian sai tu jing ,cong er biao xian chu zheng ren huai xiang de qing xu ;zhong jian si gou ,ju ti xie dao zhan zheng de jing xiang ,zhan chang bei can can ku ;hou si gou xie zheng ren wang bian de er sai nian jia xiang ,jin er tui xiang qi zi yue ye gao lou tan xi bu zhi 。zhe mo le si gou yu shi ren 《chun sai 》zhong de “dang jun huai gui ri ,shi qie duan chang shi ”tong yi bi diao 。er “you lai zheng zhan de ,bu jian you ren hai ”you yu wang chang ling de “huang chen zu jin gu ,bai gu luan peng hao ”tong bu 。the moon at the fortified passthe bright moon lifts from the mountain of heaven in an infinite haze of cloud and sea, and the wind, that has come a thousand miles, beats at the jade pass battlements.... china marches its men down baideng road while tartar troops peer across blue waters of the bay.... and since not one battle famous in history sent all its fighters back again, the soldiers turn round, looking toward the border, and think of home, with wistful eyes, and of those tonight in the upper chambers who toss and sigh and cannot rest. “guan shan yue ”shi le fu jiu ti 。《le fu gu ti yao jie 》:“‘guan shan yue ’,shang li bie ye 。”li bai de zhe shou shi ,zai nei rong shang ji cheng le gu le fu ,dan you you ji da de di gao 。 kai tou si gou ,ke yi shui shi yi fu bao han zhao guan 、shan 、yue san chong yin su zai nei de liao kuo de bian sai tu jing 。wo men zai yi ban wen xue zuo pin li ,chang chang kan dao “yue chu dong hai ”huo “yue chu dong shan ”yi lei miao xie ,er tian shan zai wo guo xi bu ,shi hu ying gai shi yue la de de fang ,he yi shui “ming yue chu tian shan ”ne ?yuan lai zhe shi jiu zheng ren jiao du shui de 。zheng ren shu shou zai tian shan zhi xi ,hui shou dong wang ,suo kan dao de shi ming yue cong tian shan sheng qi de jing xiang 。tian shan sui ran bu kao hai ,dan heng gen zai shan shang de yun hai ze shi you de 。shi ren ba shi hu shi zai ren men yin xiang zhong zhi you da hai shang kong cai geng chang jian de yun yue cang mang de jing xiang ,yu xiong hun bang bo de tian shan zu ge dao yi qi ,xian de xin xian er zhuang guan 。zhe yang de jing jie ,zai yi ban cai li bao ruo de shi ren mian qian ,ye hu nan hu wei ji ,dan li bai you de shi bi li 。jie xia qu “chang feng ji mo li ,chui du yu men guan ”,fan wei bi qian liang gou geng wei an kuo 。song dai de yang ji xian ,hao xiang wei kong “ji mo li ”chu wen ti ,shui shi :“tian shan zhi yu men guan bu wei tai yuan ,er yue ji mo li zhe ,yi yue ru chu yu tian shan er ,fei yi tian shan wei du ye 。”yong xiang xiang zhong de ming yue yu yu men guan de ju li lai jie shi “ji mo li ”,kan qi lai shi hu wen tuo le ,dan li bai shi jiang “chang feng ”zhi chang ,bing wei shui dao ming yue yu de qiu de ju li 。ji shi ,zhe liang gou reng ran shi cong zheng shu zhe jiao du er yan de ,shi cu men shen zai xi bei bian jiang ,yue guang xia zhu li yao wang gu yuan shi ,dan jiao chang feng hao hao ,shi lve guo ji mo li zhong yuan guo tu ,heng du yu men guan er lai 。ru guo lian ji li bai 《zi ye wu ge 》zhong “qiu feng chui bu jin ,zong shi yu guan qing ”lai jin hang li jie ,shi de yi wen jiu geng qing chu le 。zhe yang ,lian tong shang mian de miao xie ,bian yi chang feng 、ming yue 、tian shan 、yu men guan wei te zheng ,gou cheng yi fu mo li bian sai tu 。zhe li biao mian shang shi hu zhi shi xie le zi ran jing xiang ,dan zhi yao she shen chu de ti hui zhe shi zheng ren dong wang suo jian ,na chong huai nian xiang tu de qing xu jiu hen rong yi gan jiao dao le 。 “han xia bai deng dao ,hu kui qing hai wan 。you lai zheng zhan de ,bu jian you ren hai 。”zhe shi zai qian si gou an kuo de bian sai zi ran tu jing shang ,die yin chu zheng zhan de jing xiang 。xia ,zhi chu bing 。han gao zu liu bang ling bing zheng xiong nu ,ceng bei xiong nu zai bai deng shan (jin shan xi da tong shi xi )wei kun le qi tian 。er qing hai wan yi dai ,ze shi tang jun yu tu fan lian nian zheng zhan zhi de 。zhe chong li dai mo xiu zhi de zhan zheng ,shi de cong lai chu zheng de zhan shi ,ji hu jian bu dao you ren sheng hai gu xiang 。zhe si gou zai jie gou shang qi zhao cheng shang qi xia de zuo yong ,miao xie de dui xiang you bian sai guo du dao zhan zheng ,you zhan zheng guo du dao zheng shu zhe 。 “shu ke wang bian se ,sai gui duo ku yan 。gao lou dang ci ye ,tan xi wei ying xian 。”zhan shi men wang zhao bian de de jing xiang ,sai nian jia xiang ,lian shang duo xian chu chou ku de yan se ,ta men tui xiang zi jia gao lou shang de qi zi ,zai ci cang mang yue ye ,tan xi zhi sheng dang shi bu hui ting zhi de 。“wang bian se ”san ge zi zai li bai bi xia shi hu zhi shi man bu jing xin de xie chu ,dan que ba yi shang na fu mo li bian sai tu he zheng zhan de jing xiang ,gen “shu ke ”jin jin lian ji qi lai le 。suo jian de jing xiang ru ci ,suo sai yi zi shi an kuo er miao yuan 。zhan shi men xiang xiang zhong de gao lou sai fu de qing sai he ta men de tan xi ,zai na yang yi ge an kuo bei jing de chen tuo xia ,ye jiu xian de ge wai shen chen le 。 shi ren fang yan yu gu lai bian sai shang de man mo xiu zhi de min zu chong tu ,jie shi le zhan zheng suo zao cheng de ju da xi sheng he gei mo shu zheng ren ji ji jia shu suo dai lai de tong ku ,dan dui zhan zheng bing mei you zuo chan chun de qian ze huo ge song ,shi ren xiang shi chen sai zhao yi dai dai ren wei ta suo zhi fu de chen chong de dai jia !zai zhe yang de mao dun mian qian ,shi ren ,zheng ren ,nai zhi dou zhe ,hen rong yi ji qi yi chong ke wang 。zhe chong ke wang ,shi zhong mei you zhi jie shui chu ,dan lei shi “nai zhi bing zhe shi xiong qi ,sheng ren bu de yi er yong zhi ”(《zhan cheng na 》)de xiang fa ,shi dou zhe zai dou zhe pian zuo pin shi hen rong yi chan sheng de 。 li ren sai fu zhi qing ,zai yi ban shi ren bi xia ,wang wang xie de qian ruo he guo yu chou ku ,yu zhi xiang ying ,jing jie ye wang wang xia zhai 。dan li bai que yong “ming yue chu tian shan ,cang mang yun hai jian 。chang feng ji mo li ,chui du yu men guan ”de mo li bian sai tu jing lai yin fa zhe chong gan qing 。zhe zhi you xiong jin ru li bai zhe yang hao miao de ren ,cai hui ru ci xia bi 。ming dai hu ying lin ping lun shui :“hun xiong zhi zhong ,duo shao xian ya 。”ru guo ba “xian ya ”li jie wei bu ju cu yu yi shi yi shi ,shi dai zhao yi chong geng wei an yuan 、chen jing de sai suo ,na me ,ta de ping yu shi hen qia dang de 。yong an kuo de kong jian he shi jian zuo bei jing ,bing zai zhe yang de sai suo zhong ,ba yan qian de sai xiang li bie zhi qing rong ge jin qu ,cong er zhan kai geng shen yuan de yi jing ,zhe shi ji ta yi xie shi ren suo nan yi qi ji de 。(yu shu cheng ) |
上一首 | shang yi shou |
《渡荆门送别》 | 《du jing men song bie 》 |
下一首 | xia yi shou |
《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》 | 《huang he lou song meng hao ran zhi an ling 》 |
相关诗词 | xiang guan shi ci |
1 | 1 |
[唐] | [tang ] |
李白 | li bai |
《春思》 | 《chun sai 》 |
燕草如碧丝,秦桑低绿枝。当君怀归日,是妾断肠时。 展开全文 | yan cao ru bi si ,qin sang di lu zhi 。dang jun huai gui ri ,shi qie duan chang shi 。 zhan kai quan wen |
春风不相识,何事入罗帏。 | chun feng bu xiang shi ,he shi ru luo wei 。 |
收起 | shou qi |
2 | 2 |
[唐] | [tang ] |
李白 | li bai |
《战城南》 | 《zhan cheng na 》 |
去年战,桑干源,今年战,葱河道。洗兵条支海上波,放马天山雪中草。 展开全文 | qu nian zhan ,sang gan yuan ,jin nian zhan ,cong he dao 。xi bing tiao zhi hai shang bo ,fang ma tian shan xue zhong cao 。 zhan kai quan wen |
万里长征战,三军尽衰老。匈奴以杀戮为耕作,古来唯见白骨黄沙田。秦家筑城避胡处,汉家还有烽火燃。烽火燃不息,征战无已时。野战格斗死,败马号鸣向天悲。乌鸢啄人肠,衔飞上挂枯树枝。士卒涂草莽,将军空尔为。乃知兵者是凶器,圣人不得已而用之。 | mo li chang zheng zhan ,san jun jin cui lao 。xiong nu yi sha lu wei geng zuo ,gu lai wei jian bai gu huang sha tian 。qin jia zhu cheng bi hu chu ,han jia hai you feng huo ran 。feng huo ran bu xi ,zheng zhan mo yi shi 。ye zhan ge dou si ,bai ma hao ming xiang tian bei 。wu yuan zhuo ren chang ,xian fei shang gua ku shu zhi 。shi cu tu cao mang ,jiang jun kong er wei 。nai zhi bing zhe shi xiong qi ,sheng ren bu de yi er yong zhi 。 |
收起 | shou qi |
3 | 3 |
[唐] | [tang ] |
李白 | li bai |
《子夜四时歌:秋歌》 | 《zi ye si shi ge :qiu ge 》 |
长安一片月,万户捣衣声。秋风吹不尽,总是玉关情。 展开全文 | chang an yi pian yue ,mo hu dao yi sheng 。qiu feng chui bu jin ,zong shi yu guan qing 。 zhan kai quan wen |
何日平胡虏,良人罢远征。 | he ri ping hu lu ,liang ren ba yuan zheng 。 |
收起 | shou qi |
4 | 4 |
[唐] | [tang ] |
王昌龄 | wang chang ling |
《塞下曲·饮马渡秋水》 | 《sai xia qu ·yin ma du qiu shui 》 |
饮马渡秋水,水寒风似刀。平沙日未没,黯黯见临洮。 展开全文 | yin ma du qiu shui ,shui han feng shi dao 。ping sha ri wei mei ,an an jian lin tao 。 zhan kai quan wen |
昔日长城战,咸言意气高。黄尘足今古,白骨乱蓬蒿。 | xi ri chang cheng zhan ,xian yan yi qi gao 。huang chen zu jin gu ,bai gu luan peng hao 。 |
收起 | shou qi |
李白的其他作品 | li bai de ji ta zuo pin |
《长干行二首》 | 《chang gan hang er shou 》 |
《将进酒·君不见黄河之水天上来》 | 《jiang jin jiu ·jun bu jian huang he zhi shui tian shang lai 》 |
《静夜思》 | 《jing ye sai 》 |
《蜀道难》 | 《shu dao nan 》 |
《梦游天姥吟留别》 | 《meng you tian lao yin liu bie 》 |
《望庐山瀑布》 | 《wang lu shan bao bu 》 |
《赠汪伦》 | 《zeng wang lun 》 |
《行路难·有耳莫洗颍川水》 | 《hang lu nan ·you er mo xi ying chuan shui 》 |
《早发白帝城》 | 《zao fa bai di cheng 》 |
《独坐敬亭山》 | 《du zuo jing ting shan 》 |
《独坐敬亭山》 | 《du zuo jing ting shan 》 |
《望天门山》 | 《wang tian men shan 》 |
《侠客行》 | 《xia ke hang 》 |
《菩萨蛮·举头忽见衡阳雁》 | 《pu sa man ·ju tou hu jian heng yang yan 》 |
《菩萨蛮·平林漠漠烟如织》 | 《pu sa man ·ping lin mo mo yan ru zhi 》 |
《行路难 其一》 | 《hang lu nan ji yi 》 |
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